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一、现在完成时
1、表示过去开始并持续到现在的动作。（动词必须是持续动词）
China has changed a great deal in the past 20 years.
2、强调过去动作对现在的影响和结果。（可以使用非持续动词）
Where have you put the dictionary? I can't find it anywhere.
3、表示反复性或习惯性。常常与often, frequently及表示次数之类的词连用。
I have watched him appear on TV several times.
二、现在完成进行时
1、表示过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在，并在持续期间内不断进行着。
I have been working for five years.
It has been raining since last Friday.
2、表示重复的动作。
Jim has been ringing John every night for the last week.
三、区别
1、现在完成时表示动作业已完成，而用现在完成进行时谈论未完成的动作。
I have painted this room.（I’ve finished painting it.）
I have been painting this room.（I haven’t finished painting it.）
2、现在完成时关注动作的结果，尤其是谈到数字或数量时；而现在完成进行时关注动作本身，特别是解释动作可见的结果时。
He’s run three miles. (the result: He’s covered the distance of three miles.)
He’s been running for an hour. (the activity and its consequences: this is what he’s been doing for the last hour and why he is exhausted now.)
3、现在完成进行时表示重复的动作时，不能同表示具体数字的词并用。
I’ve posted a dozen postcards, but received none.
I’ve read this book several times.
I’ve been posting postcards since early December.
4、现在完成进行时带有较为强烈的感情色彩。
You have been disturbing me.
5、许多状态动词不能用完成进行时。
I’ve known that for a long time.
The strike has lasted six months.
6、有少数动词用两种时态都可以，但若强调时间长度时用完成进行时较好。
They have been working this term.
They have worked very well this term. | 
发表于 2016-12-11 16:26:09