英语写作：英语六级写作讲义（二）

英语自学网

　　三、英语写作高分要注意的几种情况
        　　(一)避免低级错误，提高语言表达的准确性
        　　1、词汇问题
        　　1)搭配错误
        　　Low price而不是cheap price.
        　　Price has been more and more cheap. Prices has been declining.
        　　2) 虚假同义词问题
        　　有很多英语单词被当作同义词来处理，如economical, economic, financial,
economics等。实际上这些同义词并非真正意义上的同义词。只因为汉语解释非常笼统，造成汉语词汇重复。语义的区别没有体现出来，才造成误用。
        　　下面都是中国学生在作文中最常用并出错最多的“同义词”。
        　　rise, raise, arise
        　　effect, affect, influence
        　　maybe, may
        　　病句：
        　　As college students, we have to learn/study knowledge. [acquire]
        　　The prices raised when the harvest was poor. [rose]
        　　He cost $2000 to buy the new computer. [He spent $2000 on the …或The new
computer cost him $2000.]
        　　I won't take you much time.
        　　Because of economic difficulty, he had to drop out.
        　　3) 分词的混乱。
        　　动词ing与过去分词作形容词时常混用。Exciting, excited; satisfied, satisfying;
        　　The good news made all of us very exciting.
        　　4) 关于“有”的表达，误用较多。
        　　There are many people think …
        　　2、时态错误、混乱
        　　I did not expect he will come.
        　　3、句子结构错乱，最常见的是不使用连接词，直接用逗号连接两句话。影响档次分!
        　　There is no doubt that western culture is the leading one, it has changed
the world deeply.
        　　4、一致性，尤其是主谓一致。
        　　The issue have become more and more serious.
        　　5、比较级错误
        　　常见错误：more better.
        　　The society is changing more and more faster…
        　　Problems have been more and more. 问题越来越多。
        　　6、大小写错误
        　　一般来说，每一句的首字母应该大写，人名地名等专有名词的首字母大写。
        　　china is still a developing country.
        　　it is well-known that…
        　　7、拼写错误 此类错误相当普遍，而且习惯一旦养成，较难改掉。下面是几个经常容易搞混淆或拼错的单词，课下多写几遍。
        　　environment(环境，容易写成enviroment),
        　　government(政府，容易误拼成goverment),
        　　modern(现代的，容易拼成morden)
        　　(二)、常见错误对照分析
        　　请大家检查对照，自己是否犯过此类错误，写下正确表达形式。
        　　1.Since…, people's life level is improving fast. (living standard)
        　　2.He told me he wanted to contact me when I was convenient, but I was
cheated. (available)
        　　3. This issue is very serious, and people are very dangerous. (in great
danger)
        　　4. After this incident, I was very painful and did not want to go to
school. (upset)
        　　5. My hometown must become very beautiful in the future.
        　　6. A man who is too proud must not take other people's advice.
        　　Must表示推测的用法：
        　　Must be +形容词
        　　Must be+现在分词
        　　Must have+过去分词(对过去的推测)
        　　绝对不是must+实义动词!
        　　7. Only when you insist on working hard, can you realize your ideal.
(keep)
        　　8. I was very angry that she doubted that I cheated in her exam.
(suspected)
        　　9. Especially, science and technology are highly important and emphasized.
(In particular)
        　　10. This certainly effects the people's lives; they can choose any kind if
they want. (affect)
        　　11. It seemed that no one who can cause my attention. (attract/capture)
        　　12. It (maths problem) was that hard that (it) spent him a whole night.
(took)
        　　13. The old man appreciated him very much. (liked)
        　　14. When we touch the other people in the society, … (are in contact
with)
        　　15. I disagree the opinion “leaning about the past has no … in the
present”. (disagree with)
        　　16. When we meet difficulties, we must face them calmly. (meet with)
        　　17. In modern society, people's nervous work often makes them too tired.
(stressful)
        　　18 In big cities, there is always crowded traffic, while in the
countryside… (heavy/congested)
        　　19. I think it is very right to say pride leads to failure. (quite)
        　　20. The short of exercises makes me can not work well enough. (prevent
…from)
        　　21. You may be like this position.
            
            

enfour

        　　(三)正确使用关联词
        　　顺序: to begin with, moreover, last but not the least; 【用于列举多个方面的原因】
        　　举例：take…as an example, for instance, such as, that is, in other words
        　　强调：especially【绝对不可以用于主句句首!!!】, particularly, by all means, in
particular
        　　比较：likewise, similarly 【表示类似的东西，用于句首】
        　　对比：by striking contrast【用于句首】
        　　让步：For all【后面只能紧跟名词性结构】;however+形容词/副词
        　　For all the advantages mentioned above, XXX is not without its
limitations.
        　　However grave the situation may be, …
        　　原因：now that, since, because of, for this reason, as, due to, owing to,
thanks to【常表示积极原因】
        　　结果：therefore, accordingly, hence,
thus,【前面这几个单词只能做副词，不能单独直接连接两个句子】连词so可以。
        　　总结：to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, in summary, as has been mentioned
above
        　　递进：in addition, furthermore, moreover, what's more 【需要单独引起一句话】
        　　时间：afterwards, at length, meanwhile, 【单独引起一句话】
        　　例子： For all the advantages mentioned above, 【让步】【承上】Internet is by no means
without its limitations【启下】. To begin with, 【举例】we cannot always tell whether or
not the information it provides is true. We may be misled by wrong information
and make wrong judgments or conclusions. Moreover, we may find too much
information on the same topic and to pick out what we need will take us much
time…Last but not least, there are quite many viruses in the Internet, which may
cause great damages to our computer.
        　　In conclusion, we college students need to use the Internet properly for
our studies and entertainment….
        　　(四)句式要灵活
        　　改变句子的开头方式，不要都千篇一律的主谓宾或主系表结构。可以把状语置于句首，或用分词作状语等。然后注意适当穿插下面的几种句式会使整个文章增色很多。
        　　1)定语从句(限定性和非限定性)
        　　Example 1: To the best of my knowledge, there are many reasons why SMS is
so popular nowadays.
        　　Example 2: The public have noticed and been worried about this new trend,
which has generated a variety of negative effects on the young people.
        　　2)分词短语状语
        　　The use of cell phone makes the world more like a global village, giving us
the opportunity to stay in touch at any time and at any place.
        　　3)强调句
        　　It is this severe issue that brought about the heated discussion among the
public.
        　　4)倒装句
        　　Only by enforcing these measures can we hope to solve the problem
eventually.
        　　5)反问
        　　Shouldn't we take effective measures to curb this situation?
        　　6)插入成分[介词短语]
        　　It is sensible, by any means, for us to make scientific analysis.
        　　It is necessary, therefore, to use the resources appropriately.
        　　(五)使用必要模板，要看清作文要求，切忌胡乱照搬
        　　1)开头段常用句型
        　　Along with the advance of the society, there is a growing concern with the
problem of …
        　　In the past few years, there is an increasing popularity among people
with…Take…as an example….
        　　Recently the phenomenon has aroused in the society wide concern.
        　　2)中间段常用句型
        　　Although the popular belief is that …, a recent study (survey / poll /
investigation) indicates that ….
        　　The increase/change in … largely / partly results/arises from….
        　　The increase in … is largely due to the fact that ….
        　　There are a variety of causes for this marked change / decline /
increase或其它表示变化的名词
        　　3)结尾段常用句型
        　　From what has been discussed above, we may safely arrive at the conclusion
that ….
        　　It is high time that we placed considerable emphasis on the
improvement/development of ….
        　　However hard it might be, I do believe there will always be a way out, as
long as we are determined to change the present situation.
        　　(六)避免使用低级词汇，尽量使用中高级词汇(主要是形容词和形容词)
        　　Good resultsàfavorable results
        　　Bad effectsànegative effects
        　　Big changesàgreat changes;
        　　(Data )show thatàindicate; demonstrate
        　　Importantàsignificant; crucial; vital
        　　More and more (problems等名词)àan increasing number of (problems)
        　　More and more (important等形容词或副词)à increasingly (important)
        　　All kinds of à a variety of
        　　Manyà a number of
        　　Deal withà tackle
        　　Possibleàlikely (可用人或讨论的问题做主语)