英语写作：四级写作冲刺强化

英语自学网

　　一、一个中心：切题
        　　二、两个基本点：“死去活来”;表达内容
        　　三、四个层次：词、句、段、文
        　　英语用词较灵活
        　　我认为
        　　I think…?
        　　I believe/ argue/ insist/ maintain/ deem/ As I see it,/ In my opinion,/
From my point of view,/ As to me,/ As for me,/ As regards me,/ When it comes to
me,/As far as I am concerned,…
        　　2.英语句型较丰富
        　　1)主语从句
        　　It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.
        　　It is well-known that…
        　　It is self-evident that…
        　　It goes without saying that… It is universally acknowledged that…
        　　2)宾(表)语从句
        　　We cannot understand why he was so cruel to his roommates.
        　　The problem is not who will go, but who will stay.
        　　3)定语从句(限定性和非限定性)
        　　As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described…in the cartoon/
picture/ graph/ table…,
        　　There are many reasons why I want to study in your university.
        　　It is estimated that tens of billions of yuan is spent on cigarettes every
year in our country, which is a huge waste.
        　　4)状语从句(时间，原因，地点，条件，让步，转折等)
        　　When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物)
which will devour him.
        　　Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of
computers.
        　　5)分词短语做定语或状语
        　　Prof. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire
English better.
        　　Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of
technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with
greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.
        　　6)倒装句
        　　Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.
        　　Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated
volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.
        　　7)被动句
        　　Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem.
        　　He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds.
        　　Many people believe that…(It is believed that…)
        　　8)设问句
        　　Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one
would trust him?
        　　3.英文段落展开严谨
        　　第一段：主题句法;提出问题
        　　第二段：列举法;正反法;举例法;因果法
        　　第三段：给出意见;解决问题;归纳法
        　　4.英文文章结构清晰
        　　四、写作三步骤
        　　Pre-writing; While-writing; Post-writing
        　　五、必背范文
        　　Writing 1　作文基本结构
        　　Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way
        　　(1) “Where there is a will, there is a way” is accumulated experience we
inherited from our forefathers and it is still widely applied to our present
life. (2) The idiom proves that we must have a strong will if we want to achieve
any success. (3) Without determination, we will be complete failures in life and
in our careers.
        　　(1) A case in point is the study of English. (2) Take my neighbor, Xiao
Wang, as an example: He is not confident in learning English and he doesn't have
a strong will to learn it better. (3) So the natural consequence is that he
often fails the English exams. (4) As far as I am concerned, I firmly believe
that I can learn English well and I make a plan to spend five hours a day on
English. (5) As it turns out, I have made much progress in learning English,
which gives me more confidence in my future career. (6) In a sense, I benefit
much from my strong will.
        　　(1) A lesson that can be drawn from the above examples is obvious. (2) A
strong will can make a difference between success and failure in our English
study as well as in our future career. (3) Therefore, we must have determination
in order to succeed.
        　　拓展：2005年12月作文
        　　Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay
entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at
least 120 words following the outline given below:
        　　名校校园正成为旅游新热点。 校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同。 我认为……
        　　Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?
        　　Nowadays, some famous universities have become a hot tourist attraction.
Many middle school students and ordinary tourists swarm into university campuses
such as Peking University and Tsinghua University. They can enjoy the
intellectual atmosphere there and also be a part of it.
        　　When it comes to whether the university campus should be open to tourists,
different people hold different views. Some argue that since most universities
belong to the country, every citizen has a right to visit them. What's more,
middle school students can have a good impression of the universities, which
will set a definite goal for themselves. However, other people maintain that the
visitors will distract the attention of teachers and students in universities;
therefore, their visit should be banned.
        　　As I see it, the visit brings people both benefits and harms. We should
open most parts of universities to visitors; meanwhile, some private or
important parts should not be opened. Only in this way can we satisfy both
tourists and universities.
            
            

enfive

        　　Writing 2　辞职信
        　　Directions: Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Car
Manufacturer. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You
decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your
decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.
        　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”
instead.
        　　Dear Mr. Wang,
        　　I'm writing this letter to inform you of my decision to resign from my
current position. Although I appreciate the opportunity of having worked here
for two months, I do not feel the job suits me.
        　　There are several reasons why I have to quit my job. First of all, I find
that what I learned at university cannot meet the requirements of my job.
Therefore, I plan to study further and decide to prepare for the entrance exams
for graduate schools. In addition, I am more interested in communicating with
people instead of the words. In the end, the work pressure is too much for me,
which has affected my health. I need more time to adapt myself to working under
such pressure.
        　　I'm sorry for any inconvenience my resignation may cause. However, I do
hope you will approve of it and I'm looking forward to your reply.
        　　Yours sincerely,
        　　Li Ming
        　　Writing 3　倡议书
        　　Directions:: You see many instances of waste on campus. Write an open
letter to all your fellow students stating the instances of waste you witness,
telling the harms of waste and calling on them to reduce waste and save
resources.
        　　Dear Fellow Students,
        　　As is known to all, waste on campus has become a more and more serious
problem. We can easily see many students dump a lot of food in the garbage can.
Some students spend thousands of yuan buying fashionable clothes and so on.
        　　The negative effects of waste can be shown in the following aspects. In the
first place, it makes some students dependent on their parents for money, which
is harmful to their development. If they don't learn to support themselves, they
will be “useless people” when they graduate. In the second place, it is not easy
for our parents to arrange for our schooling. Last but not least, there is no
denying the fact that our country is still poor. There are many people who
cannot go to university and many poor people still need our help.
        　　Since our country is trying to build a conservation-oriented society, we
university students should set examples for the society to reduce waste and save
natural resources. First of all, we should refrain from wasting anything, from
food to stationery. What's more, we must form the habit of saving resources,
from water to money. Only through these measures can we hope to reduce waste on
campus.
        　　Writing 4　图画描述
        　　Beijing 2008 Olympics Logo
        　　Describe the picture;
        　　2. Tell the meaning of the picture.
        　　The emblem, officially entitled “Chinese Seal―Dancing Beijing”, has a
single Chinese character on a traditional Chinese seal. The words “Beijing 2008”
are written with a Chinese brush below it. The figure in the logo resembles a
runner or dancer and the Chinese character “Jing” which means “capital”.
        　　The image carries the message that today's China is not only a nation with
a long and glorious history, but also one full of modern dynamics.
        　　Dancing Beijing is a journey to the future, the emblem for China moving
towards the 2008 Olympic Games. It represents the heart of an ancient culture
embracing the modern world, the spirit of a people moving towards a new destiny.
It captures the soul of a city in transformation and its motion conveys a
message of hope, joy, and unity.
        　　Dancing Beijing is a symbol of the city's promise to make the Games a
success and to be unlike any the world has known. The Chinese seal of Dancing
Beijing is a promise rooted in honor and trust, character and truth.
        　　Dancing Beijing is the color of China. Red is the most significant color in
Chinese culture's symbol of luck, of celebration and of new beginnings. The
depth of its meaning equals the depth of its beauty.
        　　Dancing Beijing represents the spirit of the individual. It is the symbol
for every Olympian, every performer, every volunteer and every spectator. Arms
flung wide, it invites all people and the world to share in the city's history,
beauty, energy, and its future.
        　　Dancing Beijing is in the form of the dragon, the ancient symbol of
        　　Chinese culture that has both beauty and majesty. It symbolizes a binding
of the fire and light of the Chinese people, the power to the promise.
        　　Dancing Beijing is an invitation, a hand extended in welcome to China's
celebration. The Games are held in the hope of uniting humanity as never before.
They are a gesture of friendship and hope that the community of nations will
unite in peace through sport.
            
            

enthree

        　　Writing 5　统计图表分析
        　　Directions: The following table gives statistics showing the aspects of
quality of life in five countries. Write a report for a university lecturer
describing the information in the table below.
        　　CountryGNP per head (US dollars)Daily calorie supply per headLife
expectancy at birth (years)Infant mortality rates (per 1000 live births)
        　　Bangladesh140187740132
        　　Bolivia570208650124
        　　Egypt69029505697
        　　Indonesia58022965187
        　　USA1316036527412
        　　The table uses four broad economic indicators to show the standard of
living in five selected countries, including both the most developed nation in
the world and some of the less developed nations. There is no denying the fact
that the USA had much higher quality of life than other countries.
        　　As can be clearly seen from the statistics, the USA―one of the richest
countries in the world―had the highest GNP and daily calorie intake, the longest
life expectancy and the lowest infant mortality rate. The other developing
countries had a considerably lower quality of life. Egypt, Indonesia and Bolivia
were similar in their range of indicators, with Egypt having the highest quality
of life among the three. However, Egypt's infant mortality rate was slightly
higher than Indonesia's, at 97 deaths per 1000 compared to 87 in Indonesia.
Bangladesh had by far the lowest quality of life in all the four indicators. Its
GNP was only about one-hundredth that of the USA. The figures in terms of the
daily calorie supply per head and life expectancy at birth in Bangladesh are the
half of those respectively in USA, and its infant mortality rate was 10 times
greater.
        　　In conclusion, it goes without saying that the four developing countries
have to develop a lot more before reaching the same level of quality of life as
the USA. At the same time, the USA has the responsibility to help the other
countries to develop their economies and improve their people's living
standard.
        　　Writing 6　对比
        　　Can Computers Replace Teachers in English Teaching?
        　　计算机及多媒体技术在大学英语课堂上使用越来越广泛。 老师和计算机相比的好处。 计算机是否能在将来取代老师?为什么?
        　　Nowadays computer-aided instruction is getting more and more popular on the
campus throughout the world, especially in teaching English. More and more
students tend to learn English independently with the help of multimedia
learning software. They claim that they have more freedom of learning whatever
they like at their own pace, with both ease and care. What's more,
computer-aided instruction is an original way of learning, which can arouse
students' interest.
        　　However some people believe that teachers can better help students learn
knowledge and acquire skills. They argue that, for one thing, students cannot
talk to machines. It goes without saying that to learn English better, students
should talk to teachers and get in touch with them. For another, computers
cannot supervise students, thus some students spend the precious time not on
English, but on net chatting or browsing porn websites.
        　　As far as I am concerned, computers cannot replace teachers in English
teaching because students need to contact human beings, not
        　　machines. At the same time, they should try their best to gain more from
computer-assisted programs. By combining the two methods, students can learn
English better.
        　　重点话题与句型
        　　1) With more emphasis put on “building a harmonious society”, people begin
to realize the importance of solving the problem of inequality (solving the
problem of unemployment/ enabling some people to get rich and helping the
disadvantaged…)
        　　2) Since “sustainable development” is our main goal, we should pay more
attention to striking a balance between economic development and environmental
protection (producing more goods and saving natural resources…)
        　　3) As the central task of our country is to “build a well-off society in an
all-round way”, more efforts are being made to improve the living standards of
the people…(people need more comfortable housing and more convenient
transportation…)
        　　4) With the rapid growth of our economy (transportation system/ market
economy/ private enterprises/ housing industry…), an increasing number of
problems have arisen, such as…
        　　5) With the rapid development of science and technology (electronic
industry/ higher education…), more and more people come to realize that…
        　　6) Currently, there is a widespread concern over high unemployment rate
(desertification/ widespread corruption/ energy crisis/ traffic jams/ water
shortage/ increasing traffic accidents…).
        　　7) Nowadays, a heated debate about private cars (China's football/ brain
drain…) is under way in China.
        　　8) As the public awareness of market economy (population control/ human
rights/ competition/ laws and regulations…) heightens, …
        　　9) Unless we put more emphasis on environmental protection (interpersonal
relationship/ equality/ how to deal with stress…), the problem will be a
hindrance to our building a “harmonious society”.
        　　10) Different people hold different views on accession to WTO (studying
abroad/ private cars/ Internet surfing…). Some are in favor of…, while others
are against…
        　　11) The case only reveals the tip of an ugly iceberg of serious
environmental pollution (widespread waste/ organized crime…)
        　　12) When it comes to the problem (the issue/ the case…) of eating wild
animals (net chatting/ morning exercise…)
        　　13) As far as family planning (adult education/ recycling…) is concerned,
there is much room for improvement.
        　　14) All these statistics (pictures…) reveal a painful fact that corruption
is spreading rapidly in our country (more and more fish have been killed…)
        　　15) Without love, my classmate Xiao Wang would have died in the hospital.
But with our love and care, he survived the illness and can enjoy his life
now.
            
            

enfour

        　　16) Without computers (cell phones/ private cars/ the Internet…), it would
be difficult to imagine modern life.
        　　17) It is imperative for us to take effective (drastic/ immediate/ prompt…)
measures to correct the situation (eliminate environmental pollution/ fight
against corruption/ ban drug abuse…)
        　　18) The participating Slogan should be an embodiment of the concept of
“Green Olympics, Hi-Tech Olympics and People's Olympics” with “People's
Olympics” as its highlight and should reflect the unique cultural background and
humanism of China and Beijing. (One World, One Dream)
        　　19) Let us work hand in hand to solve this problem (hold back a tidal wave
of crimes/ fight against corruption…)
        　　20) We should do our best in eliminating industrial pollution (fake
commodities/ poverty in China…)
        　　六、Post-writing
        　　第一步集中在语法上：
        　　1) 每个句子是否都有谓语动词;
        　　2) 动词的时态和语态;
        　　3) 主谓搭配是否恰当;
        　　4) 代词与其指代的事物是否一致;
        　　5) 标点符号。
        　　第二步在拼写上
        　　常见错误举例：
        　　1) 无主语
        　　(1) After graduated from university, I began to work in a company.
        　　(2) Do you know why must protect our environment?
        　　(3) Have you seen a man without enough food but had a healthy body?
        　　2) 无主谓结构
        　　(1) For another reason. When we have a vacation, it will be convenient to
ride a bike.
        　　(2) Lived in the country, no loud noise, no dirty air, but quiet and
fresh.
        　　3) 无连接词
        　　(1) But a person has not enough food, he will not have a healthy body.
        　　(2) China is a developing country, most people cannot afford a car yet.
        　　4) 主语使用错误
        　　(1) Rich doesn't mean a happy life.
        　　(2) Without a friend will feel alone.
        　　(3) However, making friends should be careful.
        　　5) “there be”用法错误
        　　(1) There are many students read books in the classroom.
        　　(2) There are few person can afford a car in our country.
        　　(3) There are many things must be done to deal with energy crisis.
        　　6) 举例用法错误
        　　(1) We should take some sports. For example, football, basketball and so
on.
        　　7) 不完全句
        　　(1) Nowadays, if you want to find a job. Then you must pass the College
English Test.
        　　8) 分词使用错误
        　　(1) Comparing with other countries, China pays little attention to the
energy problem.
        　　(2) Looking at from above, this picture gives us an image of a lion.
        　　9)单词用法错误(冠词、代词、形容词、副词等)
        　　Nothing succeeds like success!