新东方：英语四级考试作文30天学习笔记(2)

英语自学网

　　events, allows one to follow the latest developments in politics and science, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and stimulating. The most distant countries, the strangest customs and the most attractive scenes of nature are brought right into one’s room.
        　　注：1. As is often pointed out by some people = Some people think that
        　　2. “使……”不用make，而用keep, allow, offer
        　　However, other people insist that television is a curse rather than a blessing. They argue that it has brought about many serious problems. The major one is its effects on young people. They are now so used to getting their information, education and entertainment from television that their literacy as well as physical ability has been greatly weakened. Even worse than that, vulgar commercials and indecent programs may cultivate their bad tastes, distort their viewpoints towards human life to such a degree that their minds might be corrupted.
        　　In summary, television has both advantages and disadvantages. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, television in itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society.
        　　范文5. Travelling
        　　People who like travelling have their reasons. They maintain that travelling can help them expand their scope of knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning. They go on to point out that touring will provide more chance for them to enjoy food and try on clothes that they otherwise cannot possible have.
        　　注：geographical and historical 押尾韵，如：押头韵 clear & clean
        　　Those who dislike travelling have their reasons. They would argue that travelling means a considerable amount of money and energy. For example, traffic and accommodation require money and walking while seeing sights often tires you.
        　　In practice, travelling does more good than harm. If your finance and health permit, you might as well do some travelling from time to time. It will at least enable you to get familiar with people and things that you will probably grow to like and love.
        　　注：1. in practice = I think
        　　2. does more good than harm 好处比坏处多，其他表达方法：be superior to/ inferior to 比如：the advantages are superior to the disadvantages
        　　3. enable 使
        　　范文1. Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
        　　A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). Some people argue that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been informed frequently that a Chinese student who has been learning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native speaker. Sometimes even those top students who excel in grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their thoughts freely. A test of English will bring the college students an awareness of the importance of oral English, and will thus help them with their communicating skills.
        　　使句子具有表现力的手段：1、用形容词修饰名词;
        　　2、副词修饰动词、副词修饰形容词
        　　On the other hand, some others still maintain that a good command of reading and writing skills will be enough for the English learners. To some extent their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework. Another required test will only add to their burden. Moreover, some students may take the shortcut by focusing on several guessed questions according to the fixed format of the test, hoping for a coincidence to bring them good luck.
        　　In my opinion, a test of spoken English will do more good than harm. Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak English fluently is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Whether I take the test or not, I shall spare no efforts to practice oral English in the remaining years of my college study.
        　　范文21. Should smoking be banned?
        　　Should smoking be banned? Answers to this question vary greatly. Some people are in favor of the idea of smoking. They always say that it can get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed. And they also say that giving and being given cigarettes is a sign of friendship. Therefore, they carry cigarettes with them wherever they go.
        　　注： 1. vary greatly 许多种
        　　2. be in favor of = agree/ be of the opinion that
        　　3. get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed 使人神清气爽
        　　4. Giving and being given 给与被给。主、被动关系在英文中用现在、过去分词表达。
        　　But other people consider it very harmful to people’s health. They have heard the official reports that one person in the world dies from smoking every second. And they have heard the doctor’s warning that smokers are more likely to have lung cancer and to increase their chances of having heart attack. In
        　　addition, smoking pollutes the air and may cause fire accidents. Thus it has become a major threat to people’s life and property.
        　　注：1.They have heard the official reports that ... 官方报告表明……
        　　2. be more likely to 更有可能，更容易
        　　3. chance 可能性
        　　There is some truth in both arguments, but human’s life and property outweighs anything else. If smoking brings us illness and death, why not have it banned by the government? Without cigarettes, can’t we come up with better ways to express our friendship and to make us refreshed?
        　　注：1. outweigh 比……重要，同样的表达：be superior to/ be inferior to。overweight 超重
        　　2. 最后用两句反问句结尾，非常精妙。课后作业 Private Cars
            
            

enthree

        　　写成4段的首段写法：
        　　① In recent years, with fast economic growth, private cars have appeared in many families in China. People's attitude toward private cars varies widely.
        　　② With the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford a private car. Yet, people's opinions of private cars vary from person to person/ public attitude toward it varies greatly/ widely./ is quite of the contrary./ differs sharply.
        　　③ In recent few years, the phenomenon/ issue/ problem of owning a private car has been brought to public attention/ in the limelight. People's views on/ opinions of owing a private car vary widely.
        　　写成3段的首段写法：
        　　With the development of modern society/ science and technology, / With the improvement of people's living standard,
        　　more and more people can own private cars.
        　　cars are entering ordinary families.
        　　the growing number of people/ people in ever increasing numbers can have access to private cars.(此句是引言)
        　　支持段的主题句：
        　　Some people claim that/ As is pointed out that/ It is generally believed that/ It is widely accepted that, there are some advantages of owning a private car.
        　　There is no doubt that private cars benefit people hugely.
        　　支持段的分论点：
        　　① 方便 First, private cars provide people with the most convenient form of transportation.
        　　② 舒适 Second, it is comfortable for people to travel in, especially in changeable weather/ raining days/ sand storm.
        　　③ 炫耀 Third, only a private car can show a person's social status/ achievement/ success/ prosperity in his or her career.
        　　否定段的主题句：
        　　① However (Nonetheless/ Nevertheless/ But),
        　　there are some disadvantages of owing a private car/ Every coin has two sides.
        　　② While enjoying the convenience that private cars bring us, we should not ignore the problem they create/ produce/ introduce/ make.
        　　③ Despite/ In spite of/ For all the advantages, they brings their own disadvantages/ problems/ negative effects
        　　④ Like anything else, private cars also have their own weakness/ limits.
        　　⑤ However, private cars are not without shortcomings/ faults.
        　　⑥ Yet other speak of the problems private cars have brought. They complain that......
        　　⑦ However, private cars may also bring with it problems our society had not previously faced.
        　　⑧ Despite the increase in efficiency and convenience generated by private cars, the changes they bring could very well lead to potentially adverse consequences.
        　　否定段的分论点：
        　　① 占有空间 On the one hand, private cars take up/ occupy too much space.
        　　② 交通事故 On the other hand, a driver should be careful/ cautious while driving, otherwise, car accidents are more likely to happen.
        　　③ 污染环境 What's more/In addition, private cars give off/ discharge/ release CO which pollute the environment/ air.
        　　注意：所谓上义词是指抽象、概括和笼统的，就是比较superordinate的词;而下义词就是具体的东西，即subordinate的东西。
        　　第四段(总结段)的写法：
        　　① Despite all the disadvantages mentioned above, I still think that the advantages outweigh/ are greater than the disadvantages. As for the above problem, I'm sure they will be settled by the scientists in the future/ It is only a matter of time for the problems to be solved.
        　　② Unquestionably, the challenge of private cars means we all should consider how we can control them, so that they will not control us.
        　　③ Whether the private cars are a blessing or a curse is a difficult question to answer, yet the desire for the comfort and independence a private car can bring will not be elminated.
        　　④ Anyway/ Anyhow/ In any case, whether the effect is good or bad, one thing is certain: private cars have changed and will continue to change the way of our transportation, our leisure and our life.
        　　选择题型变体逻辑结构(My View on Sth.)
        　　选择性观点的变体的文章写作逻辑结构：
        　　Paragraph I:(1)引出将要评论的事物或者是观点;
        　　(2)简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。
        　　Paragraph II:(1)提出作者观点(本文主题句);
        　　(2)举例加以论证。
        　　Paragraph III: (1)总结全文(再次强调作者观点)。
        　　范文17. My View on Fate
        　　There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of fate. Some people believe that everyone is born to a certain that he can not change, while some other people think that every man is the master of his own life.
        　　注：1. consensus 相同意见
        　　2. 第一句话可以套用，如范文18：There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of wealth.
        　　3. while 轻微转折和对比，强转折用词but, however
        　　4. master 主人
        　　As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion. There is a saying, “Everyone is the architect of his own future.” Which means one’s fate is decided in his own hands. In fact, no one is destined to a certain fate in his or her life. Those who claim that they were born to fail or be unlucky just can’t realize how much inner strength and ability they have. We must depend on ourselves to changes our lives and make us successful and happy.
            
            

enone

        　　注：1. 第一句as far as与I agree重复，把后半句改为the latter opinion seems more reasonable。
        　　2. architect 建筑师，archor 弓箭手
        　　3. In fact 前后是转折关系，之前从正面阐述，之后从反面阐述
        　　范文17. My View on Fate (续)
        　　Let’s take Helen Keller, an extraordinary American woman, for example. When she was only 19 months old, she became blind and deaf. Instead of accepting her misfortune helplessly, she showed great courage and unconquerable spirit in fighting against her destined fate and was awarded the President’s Medal of Freedom in 1964 because of the achievements she had made for helping the blind, the deaf and the speechless. This story tells us that a wise man is always creating his own fate rather than waiting for good luck.
        　　注：1. 本段开始举例
        　　2. Let's take……for example 中间是插入语，表示强调，举例不宜太长。
        　　In conclusion, I believe that everyone is born equal and is the builder of his own fate We can have good fortune only if we take pains and work hard. We should bear the following saying in mind, “Every man is the master of his own fate.”
        　　注：bear sth. in mind：把……牢记在心
        　　范文13. The Way to Success
        　　第二段：Strong will, perseverance and diligence are the three essentials of success. A man of strong will and perseverance always has an inflexible spirit.
        　　He sticks to his cause no matter how tough it might be. Dr. Sun Yat-sen was such a man. Many of his attempts failed, but he held to his purpose with firmness and finally succeeded in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty. Diligence means steadiness in one’s work and study. Su Qin stabbed himself in order to keep attentive to studies. Marx often worked 15 hours a day. Life is short and we have many things to do. Without diligence no one can achieve anything.
        　　II、社会热点话题写作逻辑结构
        　　Paragraph 1: (1) 概括性的引出要评论的事物或观点(general);
        　　(2) 具体描述这个事物或者观点(或者是我对这个现象/ 事物的基本看法specific)。
        　　Paragraph 2: (1) 作者对该现象货问题的基本看法，即文章的论点句;
        　　(2) 支持性的细节分论点(至少两点);
        　　(3) 本段总结(可以省略)。
        　　Paragraph 3: (1) 总结全文，定下结论(通常为我的对策或看法)。
        　　四级作文试题2000年1月
        　　Directions:
        　　For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance my College Education. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
        　　1. 上大学的费用(tuition and fees)可以通过多多种途径解决。
        　　2. 哪种途径适合我(说明理由)。
        　　How I Finance My College Education
        　　How I Finance My College Education
        　　第一段：首先，应该是用一种描述性的语言引出讨论的重点：
        　　Nowadays/ At present/ Currently/ These days/ Today, tuitions and fees for college students are 【more expensive】 much higher than ever before. How to finance my college education has become a matter of concern.
        　　第二段：有多种的方法，例如：1.向父母; 2.银行贷款 3.打工挣钱
        　　第二段主题句：There are many ways to support my college education financially./ Ways to support my university study financially vary greatly/ are various.
        　　第二段分写：
        　　In the first place, I can get/ gain/ obtain all the money from my parents.
        　　In the second place, I can apply for/ ask for a bank
        　　loan, especially set up/ established for college students/ undergraduates.
        　　What’s more, I can find a part time job to earn enough money.
        　　第三段：我所赞同的方法(阐述原因，为何不选其他的方法)。
        　　Personally/ As far as I’m concerned/ In my opinion/ From my point of view/ To my way of thinking/ As I see it, I prefer the bank loan for the following reasons.
        　　For one thing, my parents are not rich enough to afford me.
        　　For another, I will not have enough time and energy to study after finishing my part-time/ temporary/ odd jobs.
        　　In addition, I believe I can hunt a rewarding/ dream job after graduation, and then I will be able to pay off/ pay back/ return/ give back.
        　　Therefore /So /Hence,......
        　　使文章富有表现力的手段：
        　　1、使用有难度的词汇;
        　　2、使用形容词修饰名词，用副词修饰动词或整个句子;
        　　3、使用被动语态;
        　　4、使用倒装句;(not only... but also...;only...)
        　　5、尽可能地使用名词，而不是习惯中的动词和形容词。