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发表于 2016-7-9 18:33:15
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意义一致原则
1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with, no less than,besides,except, but, including等短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰,依然和主语保持一致。
例句:I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我,还有我姐姐,打算下个月去上海。
2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词(people,means,sheep,deer,fish等),其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。
例句:All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。
3. 多数情况下,由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。
例句:What I want to say is just “ Take care!”.我只想说:“多保重!”
4. 当主语与all, none, any,some等不定代词、形容词连用时,应根据具体句意,来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。
例句:All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.我对这家公司的了解都是昨天完他告诉我的。
5. “…+ (of) +名词”结构描述数量时,如果“of”后的名词为单数(不可数名词),则谓语动词用单数,如果名词为复数,则谓语动词用复数。
例句:Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。
80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。
Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。
6. 词组“a number of, a great/good many, a group of +可数名词复数”的结构作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;如果冠词a变为the,则谓语动词用单数。
例句: A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。
The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。
注意:A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
7. 英语的集体名词(committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。
例句:My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候,我家很穷。
My family are all looking forward for your coming. 我的家人都在期待着你的到来。
8.分数做主语
1.分数+of+复数名词,为复数人称。
例:Three fifths of the students are coming late because of the heavy rain.
2.分数+单数名词/不可数名词, 为单三人称。
例:Three quarters of the ground is covered with forest.四分之三的地面上覆盖着森林。
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