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发表于 2016-7-10 10:00:40
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(2)近义复述 同一短文中上下毗邻的句子通常有互释作用，我们可以从上下文的复述中获取与某一单词相关的信息来猜度词义。例：
Mr. and Mrs. Firth had a long courtship. They dated for nine years before
they got married.
Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt never stole money from a
customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not
want to jeopardize his future.
(3)反义对照 在表示对照的上下文中，常包含有意义相反的词语或概念，这些意义相反的概念可以互为线索，帮助我们猜度词义。常有以下一些信号
词：although，but，however，though，whereas，while，yet，on the contrary，on the other
hand等。 例：Chimpanzees(猩猩) in the wild use simple objects as tools, but in
laboratory situations they can use more sophisticated items.
Most dentists-offices are drab places, while Emilio’s new office is a
bright, cheerful place.
(4)搭配集合 利用词与词的搭配或该词所出现的语境，我们也能推知词义的大概轮廓。例：
People gathered to look. Three fine streams of hot water sprouted from
holes in the jacket(套，壳) of the radiator.
A man is watering his lawn just as an attractive, well dressed girl walked
by. As he ogles her, he accidentally turns the hose on his ugly, dowdy wife.
(5)比较举例 上下文中的比较和举例，能揭示比较物或列举物之间的共性，我们可根据这些共性来推知有关词语的意思。例：
The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific
discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area.
Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They
also regard drinking as harmful.
(6)因果时间 因与果、时间的先与后都是事物发展变化过程中的必然关系，在利用上下文推测词义时，这些关系也至关重要。例：
Robert is considered peremptory administrator because he makes decisions
without seeking the opinions of others.
When Mark was in pedantic mood, he assumed the manner of a famous professor
and gave long lectures on boring, insignificant topics.
(7)常识
包括我们的生活经历、经验常识以及自己专业方面的知识，在阅读到与自己专业相近的文章时，我们都会感到相对容易，这正是我们的专业知识在帮我们理解。例：
An apple falls down instead of up because of gravity.
An atomic clock is so precise that it can be used to check the accuracy of
predictions based on Einstein’s relativity theories.
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