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发表于 2016-7-10 09:59:49
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process *
n. 步骤, 过程
e.g. Reforming the education system will be a difficult process.
product *
n. something useful that is made in a factory, grown, or taken from nature 产品
program *
= programme (见第四课)
properly *
adv. 恰当地
e.g. She'll have to learn to behave properly.
rational *
adj. showing clear thought or reason 理性的,合理的
e.g. There must be a perfectly rational explanation for what happened.
recipe *
n. a set of instructions telling you how to prepare and cook food 菜谱
relatively *
adv. fairly, compared with other things 相对地
e.g. The drug has relatively few known side effects.
rely *
v. 依靠
e.g. Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help.
respondent
n. (民意测验等的) 调查对象, (问卷调查的) 答卷人
secondary *
adj. second in rank, value, or importance 第二的,次要的
e.g. Getting there is the main thing-how we get there is a secondary consideration.
selection *
n. 选择
e.g. Success is achieved by the careful selection of projects.
significant *
adj. having an important effect or influence 重要的,有意义的
e.g. Please inform us if there are any significant changes in your plans.
source *
n. a person, book, or document that supplies you with information 来源,提供消息者
e.g. I've heard from reliable sources that the company is in trouble.
stereo *
adj. 立体声的
strategy *
n. a well-planned series of actions for achieving an aim, especially success against an opponent 策略
e.g. The company will spend $ 6 million on the development of new products and sales strategies.
style *
n. the design of something, which decides what shape or appearance it will have 样式
e.g. When was this style of dress in fashion?
supervision *
n. 监督, 指导
survey *
n. an examination of opinions, behavior etc., made by asking people questions 调查
teen
n. 见 teenager
teenage
adj. (only before noun) aged between 13 and 19, or concerning someone of that age 青少年的
teenager *
n. someone who is between 13 and 19 years old 13至19岁的青少年
tend *
v. be likely to behave in a certain way 倾向于，趋于
e.g. I tend to go to bed earlier during the winter.
tentative *
adj. 试探性的,暂定的
trier
n. 实验者
Consumer Behavior of Young People
1 Marketers are interested in understanding what products will sell well in the youth market. It is also important to appreciate the influence that young people have on the purchases of others, such as parents. In fact, sometimes marketers are more interested in young people's influence on other buyers than in their role as the main purchasers of certain items.
2 How do youths spend their incomes? Both female and male teenagers spend most of their money on clothes, CDs, stereo equipment, entertainment, and travel. Young women spend most on cosmetics, followed by clothes and jewelry. Young men spend the most on sporting goods, cameras, CDs, stereo equipment, bicycles, shoes, jeans, musical instruments, and electronic games.
3 As members of a highly consumption-oriented society, teenagers have become increasingly aware of new products and brands. They are natural "triers" and spend hours shopping for themselves.
4 In addition to their direct impact on the marketplace, youths have a secondary influence on many of the products and brands their parents choose. For example, research reveals that three out of four teens influence their parents' purchasing decisions. For major purchases, teens' highest influence occurs in the first stage of the decision-making process and is strongest for aesthetic considerations such as style, color, and make of the product but weakest for decisions such as where and when to purchase and how much money to spend.
Apple computer's research showed that teens are influencing family decisions about buying computers. As a result, one of its recent model introductions used contemporary hit radio and computer magazines popular with young people to encourage teens to convince their parents to buy the new product.
5 With the large growth in the number of families of two working parents, youths are doing more of the food shopping and other shopping for parents. For example, one study found that 80 percent of teenagers were "heavily involved" in family food shopping.
Kraft recognized the importance of teenage grocery shopping and is advertising in music television programs, in teen magazines, and on contemporary hit radio, emphasizing recipes containing Kraft products. Along with the ad campaign, Kraft also produced an educational kit on "Food Buymanship" which is given to home-economics teachers to distribute to teenagers in school.
6 Thus, it is clear that this market also occupies an important position in terms of its secondary influence on parents' buying decisions.
7 Another factor emphasizing the market importance of the youth is that this is the time when brand loyalties may be formed that could last well into adulthood. For example, a brand-loyalty study done by Seventeen magazine found that at least 30 percent of adult women were using the same brands they first chose as teenagers. Translated into total market figures, the findings would mean, for instance, that 6,760,000 women still are using the same brand of cosmetics and 8,900,000 still are eating the same kind of packaged cheese that they first bought.
8 During the process of making their buying decision, to what extent are teens influenced by parents, friends, sales clerks, media, or other sources? For many product decisions, friends are the most significant influence. Nevertheless, parents are still an important factor affecting many buying decisions. The important point is that although peer pressure is quite strong, family influences are also significant. Thus, the marketer should know which group, parents or peers, has the most influence at any given time so they can plan their marketing strategies properly.
9 Teenagers often spend hours shopping, especially on weekends. The fact that they are doing more shopping may result in their spending more money in stores they go to. In addition, youths often have a great deal of authority in store-selection decisions, which means that stores must attract them with an effective appeal. Although the popular belief is that young people buy products impulsively and are less rational than the market as a whole, surveys indicate that most respondents aged 14 to 25 compare prices and brands before buying. Research on adolescent shopping behavior has produced the following tentative conclusions:
. Adolescents tend to rely more on personal sources for information on sophisticated products such as computers, and most on media for information on more ordinary products such as clothing or cosmetics.
. At the product-evaluation stage of the decision process, price and brand name are perceived as the most important criteria, with a relatively low influence coming from parents and peers.
. As teenagers mature, they use more sources of consumer information prior to decision making, rely more on friends and less on parents for information and advice in buying, and prefer to purchase products without parental supervision. (806 words)
Time taken: _____ minutes
Phrases and Expressions
along with
in addition to 除......之外
e.g. Tobacco is taxed in most countries, along with alcohol.
in addition to
besides, apart from 除......之外
e.g. He's now running his own research company--that's in addition to his job at the university.
in terms of 按照,在......方面,从......方面(说来)
e.g. In terms of customer satisfaction, the policy cannot be criticized.
perceive ... as
think of ... as
e.g. We began to perceive him as a man of taste.
prior to
before
e.g. All the arrangements should be completed prior to your departure (离开).
rely on
depend on, trust 依靠
e.g. British weather can never be relied on--it's always changing.
result in
make something happen, cause 导致
e.g. Environmental pollution is resulting in the forests dying.
tend to
be likely to 倾向于
e.g. We tend to get cold winters and warm, dry summers in this part of the country. |
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