英语语法精讲：合成名词

英语自学网

　　在英语合成词中，合成名词(compound nouns)数量很多，而且可以按照既定规律自行构造新词。
        　　合成名词构造法主要有下列八种：
        　　①名词+名词，如
        　　daybreak, sunrise, cattleshed, house-keeper, shoe-maker, headache,
night-club, pocket-knife, arm-chair, wine-glass, ink-stand, man-servant,
maid-servant, steamboat, goldsmith, newspaper, lawsuit等。
        　　②形容词+名词，如
        　　blackboard, commonweath, highway, stronghold, sweetheart, easy-chair,
grandson, blueprint, deadline, high-brow, lazy-bones等。
        　　③动词+名词，如
        　　drawbridge, grindstone, playground, pickpocket, breakfast, cut-throat,
makeshift, sing-song, turn-coat, washbasin 等。
        　　④副词虚词+名词，如
        　　afterthought, offshoot, outbreak, byway, bylaw, outpost, overcoat,
underclothes, outgrowth, downpour, upkeep, bystander等。
        　　⑤副词虚词+动词，如
        　　income, outlet, outlook, onset, outfit, upstart, inlet, offspring,
outburst, offset等。
        　　⑥动词+副词，如
        　　die-hard, breakdown, drawback, set-up, break-up, farewell, standstill,
feedback等。
        　　⑦名词+动名词，如
        　　book-keeping, town-planning, letter-writing, word-building, tiger-hunting,
paper-manufacturing, bill-collecting, car-repairing, television-advertising,
window-shopping, day-dreaming, photocopying, handwriting等。
        　　⑧其他，如
        　　man-of-war, forget-me-not, son-in-law, mother-in-law, commander-in-chief,
editor-in-chief, merry-go-round, hide-and-seek, stay-at-home,
jack-in-the-box等。
        　　在这8种构词法中，第7类“名词+动名词”最富生命力。此外，动名词还可以下列三形式构成合成名词：
        　　㈠动名词+名词，如
        　　drinking water, listening material, fishingrod, waiting-room,
looking-glass, stepping-stone, running mate 等。
        　　㈡动名词+副词虚词，如
        　　swearing-in, going-over
        　　㈢副词+动名词，如
        　　uprising, well-being 等。