拳击规则的起源

英语自学网

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1743年，拳击运动的先驱杰克·布劳顿为这项运动起草了一些规则，为日后拳击运动的发展打下了坚实的基础。
        Hints:
        Robert Coles
        Leicester University
        Broughton
        Oxford Street
        Queensberry
        主持：baizhixian
        校对：Akashic
        翻译&注解：凌辰凉凉
        答疑：PinkPumpkin
        口语点评：vincit
口语节目地址：http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/2120/item/765042/
Back in the 18th and 19th centuries boxing was huge, but it was bare-knuckle boxing, prize fighting or "pugilism", from the Latin for "fist". Professor Robert Coles of Leicester University explains.
Prize fighting was, of course, extremely violent and punishing. But it is hailed by press. It wasn't as bad as some historians and certainly some journalists have accused it of being. Firstly, there were rules to prize fighting. And the first rules were drawn up by a man called Broughton who had a ring near Oxford Street and those rules were brought up in 1743. There were seven rules. The two that count, are that you couldn't hit a man below the belt or the scarf, and the second was you couldn't hit a man when he was down. Those rules were revised in 1839 to include the banning of any kind of gouging, biting or strangling. Thank goodness for that. The second thing I'd like to say about prize fighting is that although we read the counts of many, many dozens of rounds, you have to remember that under the London rules, a fighter could go down on one knee at any point as if by a blow, and that would allow him a 30-second breather before coming back to the mark. This is important because it allowed the fighter to dictate the pace of the fight which Queensberry which insisted on the three-minute round did not do.追溯到十八、十九世纪，拳击赛的规模就已经相当庞大。但那时，拳击比赛中选手是不带拳击手套的，比赛也被称为职业拳击赛，或是搏击赛，"pugilism"（拳击）这个单词来源于拉丁文，意思是“fist”（拳头）。下面由英国赖斯特大学的罗伯特·科尔斯教授为我们详细解读。
职业拳击赛无疑是非常暴力和消耗体力的，但这种不怕死的精神受到媒体的高度赞扬。拳击赛并非像一些历史学家甚至是记者们所指责的那样糟糕。首先，职业拳击赛是有规则的。这些规则首先是在1743年由布劳顿提出和起草的，当时他在牛津大街附近拥有一片拳击场。规则一共有七条。其中有两条很重要的规则，一是不准犯规攻击对手腰部以下部位，二是不准击打已倒地者。到1839年，拳击规则又得到进一步修订，加入了一条禁止任何形式的戳脸，撕咬和勒人。谢天谢地新增了这条规则。其次我还想介绍的是，尽管我们已经阅读了大量回合的资料，你所要记住的是，在伦敦规则下，拳击手如果受击，可在任何时刻单膝跪地，并且再次回到原点继续比赛前可以有30秒缓冲时间。这一规则非常重要，它使得拳击手有权掌控比赛步伐，而在昆士伯利（Queensberry）拳击规则制定的每回合三分钟规则中则是没有这点好处的。