2011年四级阅读理解练习（答案加解析）第58篇

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　　2011年四级阅读理解练习(答案加解析)第58篇
　　In one very long sentence,the introduction to the U.N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of all the peoples whose governments joined together to form the U.N.
　　"We the peoples of the U.N. determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our life time has brought untold suffering to man kind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be mentioned, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practise tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all people, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims".
　　The name "United Nations" is accredited to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of member states met and signed a declaration of common intent on New Year's Day in 1942. Representatives of five powers worked together to draw up proposals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944.
　　These proposals, modified after deliberation at the conference of International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally agreed on and signed as the U. N. Charter by 50 countries on 26 June 1945. Poland, not represented at the conference, signed the Charter later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, however, after the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the U. S. S. R., the U. K. and the U. S. and by a majority of the other participants that U. N. officially came into existence.
　　The date was 24 October, now universally celebrated as United Nations' Day.The essential functions of the U. N. are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and human problems, promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and to be a centre for co-ordinating the actions of nations in attaining these commonends.
　　No country takes precedence over another in the U. N.. Each member's rights and obligations are the same. All must contribute to peaceful settlement of international disputes, and members have pledged to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states. Though the U. N. has no right to intervene in any state's internal affairs, it tries to ensure that non-member states act according
　　to its principles of international peace and security. U. N. member must offer very assistance in an approved U. N. action and in no way assist states against which the U. N. is taking preventive or enforcement action.
　　1.The first stated aim of the U. N. was ______ .
　　A) to supervise peace and treatiesB) to revise international laws
　　C) to prevent a third world warD) to assist the “third world” countries
　　2.Under its charter, the U.N. guarantees ______ .
　　A) never to use armsB) to employ international machines
　　C) to better standards of lifeD) to promote economic and social advancement
　　3.The U. N. came into existence fully in ______ .
　　A) 1942 B) 1944C) 1940 D) 1945
　　4.The essential functions of the U. N. ______ .
　　A) are limited to discussions and debates
　　B) include co-ordinating actions where necessary
　　C) are only concerned with human rights
　　D) are economic and culture
　　5.A country's domestic policies ______ .
　　A) cannot be forcibly changed by the U. N. 
　　B) are often investigated by the U. N.
　　C) are often enforced by the U. N.
　　D) are not allowed to benefit from U. N. advice or assistance
　　答案与解析： 1.C
　　联合国宗旨的首条内容是什么?此题为语义推理题，考查考生的概括能力。题目问的是联合国宗旨的首条内容是什么，文章第二段所阐述的均为联合国宗旨，首要一条是“We the peoples of the U. N. determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our life time has brought untold suffering to mankind…”(我们这些联合国的成员决心将我们的后代从战争的灾难中解救出来，在我们的一生中，这样的战争已经两次给人类带来了无法诉说的痛苦。)句中所说的给人类带来无法诉说的痛苦的战争即为第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战，因此C)正确。A)、B)和D)虽也是属联合国宗旨，但非首条，与题目不符，故舍弃。 
　　2.D
　　根据其宪章，联合国承诺什么?此题为语义推理题。本题的答 案仍在文章的第二段，文章提到“…that armed force shall not b
　　e used, save in the common interest,…”(在一般利害关系中不应使用武力。)A)项never to use arms(永不使用武力)与此不符，B)项to employ international machines(使用国际机器)又不同于“…and to enjoy international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all people,…”(享受用于促进全人类的经济和社会进步的国际机构)，并非任何机构都可享受使用。而D)项to promote economic and social advancement(促进经济和社会进步)正是联合国努力做到的，因此为正确答 案。C)项to better standards of life (提高生活水平)也不准确。文中“…and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,…”是说“更加自由地促进社会进步和提高生活水平。” 
　　3.D
　　联合国正式成立的日期是何日?此题为关于时间的特定信息查寻题。题目问的是联合国正式成立于哪一年。1942年是首批成员国代表聚会并签署一项联合宣言。1944年是五大强国代表集会，草拟协议。1940年在文中根本未提及，因此选D)。 
　　4.B
　　联合国的的基本作用是什么?此题为辨析题，需根据上下文做出判断。文章第四段讲述了联合国的基本作用是维持国际和平与安全，发展国家间友好关系，在解决国际经济、社会文化和促进尊重人权及基本自由的人类问题方面进行国际性合作，成为达到这些共同目标而协调各国行动的中心。A)项未提及，C)项和D)项片面，所以B)项正确。 
　　5.A
　　一个国家的国内政策____。此题为语义推理题。文章最后一段清楚阐明了只要不违背国际和平与安全的原则，“…the U. N. has no right to intervene in any state’s internal affairs,…”(联合国无权干涉任何一个国家的内部事务。)只有A项正确。