神经整形术 大脑换新貌

英语自学网

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概述：大家都知道整容，从头整到脚几乎每个角落都能整了，但不管怎样这都是皮相。现在出现了“神经整形术”，难道神经也能整？
Hints:
Barbara Sahakian
Cambridge University
Alzheimers
dopamine
noradrenaline
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主持：haifaforever
校对：早安Miki
翻译&注释：haifaforever   
答疑：cherryxyrBarbara Sahakian, my guest today, is professor of neuropsychology at Cambridge University. She ran one of the first memory clinics for people with Alzheimers, and together with her husband, developed a test for early diagnosis of the condition. "Early diagnosis of mental illness is important," she says, "to make the most of the therapies that are or could become available in the future."
But neuroscientists need to think carefully about the ethics involved. Treating conditions like Alzheimers and depression with drugs that protect the brain or modify behaviour means that psychopharmacology is a science which holds great promise. But it's also controversial as it modifies cognition - our thinking and memory skills. So how far should we go and how far can we go? Is it OK to take drugs which'll improve our performance in exams? Could we even change aspects of our personalities? And is cosmetic neurology something we should even be aiming for?
Welcome, Barbara.
Thank you.
Barbara, what do you think is the potential for neuropharmacology?
Well, it's extremely important. It's already shown a lot of potential in terms of the treatments that we currently have. We're talking about drugs really that modify cognitive function. So for instance, they affect chemicals in the brain like dopamine and noradrenaline, and those are typically known to improve or affect cognition in different ways.芭芭拉·萨哈茜今天做客我们节目。她是剑桥大学的神经心理学教授。她主持着一家为阿兹海默氏症患者而设的记忆诊所，这是首批该类诊所之一。她还和丈夫共同开发了一项针对该症的早期诊断测试。“精神类疾病的早期诊断很重要”，她说道：“这能让将来可能出现的疗法得到最充分的利用。”
不过神经学家们需要对其中涉及的伦理道德因素仔细思量。将能保护大脑或改变行为方式的药物用在阿兹海默氏症或抑郁症这类疾病的治疗中，这意味着精神药理学是一门前景广阔的科学。但它也能改变认知过程——即我们的思考和记忆技能，于是争议就产生了。那么我们到底应该走多远，又能走多远呢？服用能提高考试成绩的药物是否正当？我们是否甚至能改变性格中的某些方面？说到底，我们该不该研究神经整形术？
欢迎你，芭芭拉。
谢谢。
芭芭拉，你认为精神药理学的潜力何在？
这个嘛，及其重要。在目前已有的疗法上它已经显示出了巨大的潜力。我们谈的可是能真正修改认知功能的药物。比如说，它们能影响大脑中的化学物质，如多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素，这都是通常被看做能以不同方式提高或影响认知能力的物质。