量化宽松是否为救市良策

英语自学网

美国经济日渐好转，各国央行采取新的经济措施。
Hints:
Federal Reserve
Sir Mervyn King
Adrian
机构名和身份首字母大写
主持：dramatic150
校对：cryforwhat
翻译：cjsfight
答疑：liuczhiThere is some renewed sign of life in the world's biggest economy, the United States. Not very strong, it must be said, but the job's market has improved noticeably. Could it be down to the policy the Federal Reserve has been pursuing? It's called quantitative easing or QE. It's an obscure, some might say opaque, term. But it actually has a bearing on things that matter to all of us - jobs, prices and the value of our savings. And some other central banks in the developed world are doing it, too. The Bank of England and the Bank of Japan have been doing it. Decent European Central Bank says it hasn't but many economists say it has taken steps that amount to QE. So what is it?
The Governor of the Bank of England Sir Mervyn King has been talking to some British school pupils. Adrian, aged 12, seemed to have the basic idea, even if he didn't use the technical term.
"Wouldn't it be a simple solution to print more money to help our country recover?"
"Well, to an extent, that's what we've been doing. This is very, very unusual. Almost every year of my lifetime, the amount of money in the economy which the banks were creating was growing too fast. And the job of the central bank was to raise interest rates to slow down the amount the banks wanted to lend and hence create money in the form of new bank accounts. Now, there are three years we've been in this very unusual position where banks have been destroying money and we've actually had to print more in order to keep the overall amount of money growing at a reasonable rate to ensure the economy continues to grow and we create new jobs."全球最大经济体美国近来经济有好转势头。虽不是很迅猛的反弹，但是就业市场显著兴旺起来。这一结果是否在于联邦储备银行（美国央行）采取的量化宽松政策(又称QE)。这个术语很晦涩，有些人可能觉得不够直白。但它实际上关乎到我们所有人，包括工作，价格和我们银行存款的价值。其他发达国家的中央银行也采取了类似的做法。英格兰银行和日本银行（二者分别是英国和日本央行）就是这样做的。一副正派的欧洲中央银行强调它没有这样做，但是很多经济学家认为欧洲央行实行了一些等同于QE的措施。
那么它究竟是什么？英格兰银行行长默文·金正与一些英国学校的小学生进行交谈。今年12岁的安德里安虽然没有用专业术语表达。他的脑海里似乎有些常识。
“多印些钱来帮助我们的国家渡过难关不是更简单吗？”
“嗯。从某种程度上说，这正是我们所做的。这一点非常非常罕见。几乎在我人生轨迹的每一年里，银行业所创造的财富都在飞速增长。一个中央银行的工作就是提高利率，减缓银行借款频率，从而以新的银行账户的形式创造财富。在过去的三年中，我们一直处于一个很特殊状况中，因为我们的银行正在摧毁金钱。我们实质上是在不断印刷纸币来维持现金总量合理的增长速度，确保经济持续增长，不断新增就业。”