经济学人:中国城市包围农村

英语自学网

Summary:
中国历史上首次出现城镇居民数量超过农村人口现象。
HINTS:
wheat-farming
National Bureau of Statistics
1/5
India
Indonesia
共产党大写
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For a nation whose culture and society have been shaped over millennia by its rice, millet and wheat-farming traditions, and whose ruling Communist Party rose to power in 1949 by mobilising a put-upon peasantry and encircling the cities, China has just passed a remarkable milestone. By the end of 2011, according to the National Bureau of Statistics, more than half of China's 1.35 billion people were living in cities.
Demographers had seen this moment coming. The 2010 census showed the differential between town and country to be within a mere few tenths of a percentage point. And yet it is still a remarkable turnaround. In 1980 fewer than 1/5 of Chinese lived in cities, a smaller urban proportion than in India or Indonesia. Over the next ten years the government remained wary of free movement, even as it made its peace with free enterprise. Touting a policy of "leaving the land but not the villages, entering the factories but not cities", it sought industrialisation without urbanisation, only to discover that it could not have one without the other.中国，一个文化和社会由数千年来大米，小米，小麦种植传统塑造形成的国家，通过动员受尽苦难的广大农民以及农村包围城市的策略，共产党在1949年开始掌握国家实权。自此以来，中国在近期又取得了一项非凡的成就。根据国家统计局数据，截止2011年末中国13.5亿人口中有超过一半生活在城市。
人口学家已经见证这一时刻的到来。2010年的人口普查表明城镇和乡村人口数量差别仅仅在百分之零点几以内。但这仍然是一个明显的转变。1980年只有不到五分之一的中国人生活在城市，这一城镇人口比例比印度和印度尼西亚都要少。之后的10年，即使已经放松企业自由，政府依旧对人口的自由流动保持小心谨慎。极力宣传“离土不离乡，进厂不进城”的政策，政府一直在追求工业化的同时忽略了城市化，才发现两者缺一不可。