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发表于 2016-7-10 02:38:42
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Journal 比较常用的意思是"日记、日志;杂志、刊物",如keep a journal (记日志)、a ship's journal
(航海日志),a monthly journal (月刊),单词 diary 也有"日记"的意思,但journal 比 diary
更强调"正式记录"。Journal 在会计词汇上的意思是"日记帐"。例如:
1.In a western accounting system ,the information about each business
transaction is initially recorded in an accounting record called a Journal。
在西方会计体系中,有关每笔经济交易的资料最初是记在一本叫做“日记帐”的会计帐上。
2.A journal is a chronological(arrange in order of time ) record of
business transactions。
日记帐是对经济交易的序时(即按时间的顺序)记录。
3.In a journal entry, the debits and credits for given transaction are
recorded together, but when the transaction is recorded in the ledger, the
debits and credits are entered in different accounts。
在日记帐上记帐时,既定交易的借方和贷方一起被记录,但在分类帐记录中,一笔交易的借方和贷方进入不同的帐户中。
4.A journal may be a general journal or it may be a group of special
journals。
日记帐可以是一本通用日记帐,也可以是一组特种日记帐。
Current assets、fixed assets 和 Current liabilities
Current 是一个很有意思的词汇。它既可以是形容词,也可以是名词。
作为形容词,current 意思是“通用的、流通的,现在的”,如 current money(通货),current
English(现代英语),current fashion(目前流行的风尚);
作为名词,current 的意思是"水流、气流,电流,动向、潮流",如 the current of a river (河的水流),the cold
current (寒流),a direct current (直流电),the current of public opinion(舆论的动向)。
在这里,还要特别提到英国的两种存款 current account (活期存款,也相当于美国银行中的 checking account
)和deposit account (储蓄存款,也相当于美国银行中的 savings account )。如果你到英国银行对柜员说:"Could you
tell me what sorts of accounts there are ?"(您能告诉我有几种什么存款吗?)银行柜员就会说:"Well,there
are basically two types of accounts .There's a current account and a deposit
account. With the current account you can pay for things by cheque, but you
don't earn any interest . With the deposit account ,you earn interest ,but you
can't pay for things by
cheque.."(基本上有两种存款,一种活期存款,一种储蓄存款;活期存款你可以用支票支付,但没有利息;储蓄存款可以挣到利息,但不能用支票支付。)
Current assets 就是“流动资产”。例如:
1.Current assets are the assets reasonably expected to be converted into
cash or used in the current operation of the business。(The current period is
generally taken as one year。) Examples are cash, notes receivable, accounts
receivable, inventory , and prepaid expenses。
流动资产指的是有充分理由认为在当期经营活动中转换成现金或被使用的资产
(一般是一年期)。现金、应收票据、应收帐款、存货以及预付的费用都属于流动资产。
说到流动资产,就不能不提到另一个词汇 fixed assets(固定资产)。例如:
2.Fixed assets are the long-lived assets used in the production of goods or
services. These assets, sometime called non-current assets, are used in the
operation of business rather than being held for sale。
固定资产是在产品和服务的生产过程中使用的寿命较长的资产。这些资产有时称为非流动资产,是公司经营中为了使用而不是为销售而置备的资产。
Current liabilities 就是"流动负债"。例如:
3.Current liabilities . Debts which must be satisfied from current assets
within the next operating period, usually one year. Examples are accounts
payable, notes payable, the current portion of long-term debt, and various
accrued items such as salaries payable and taxes payable。
流动负债。在下一个经营期间,通常是一年内必须用流动资产偿还的债务。应付帐款、应付票据、长期债务的当期分摊额,以及诸如应付工资和应付税款等种种应计项目都是流动负债。 |
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