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一般将来时也译为单纯将来时。
例A：I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.
(如明天下雨我就不来。)
例B：My brother will leave for the United States next week.
(我的哥哥下星期要到美国去。)
解说 从句式我们可以了解一般将来时的表达须借助于助动词“shall/will”。关于“shall/will”的用法，传统文法谈得很多，同时各文法学家的理论也不很一致。更重要的是英国人和美国人对“shall/will”的用法规则并不很一致，也不很严谨，所以本书拟只提供下面的五个规则，相信各位只要把下面这五个规则学通了，你的“shall/will”的用法就可以中规中矩了。
①说或写都尽量使用“I'll, You'll, He'll , She'll , It'll, We'll , They'll …”的简缩形(如用法例2、3)。
②要表达主语的“意志”，通常都用“will”(文法上称为意志将来。)
例A：I won't see him again.
(我不愿意再和他见面。)
例B：Who will go and help that poor old man?
(谁愿意去帮助那个可怜的老人?)
Mary will . (玛莉愿意。)
③说话者要把自己的“意志”表达或行使出去，通常用“shall”。
例A：You shall not do that again.
(你不可以再做那样的事。)
例B：He shall return that book tomorrow.
(明天他必须把那本书归还。)
④第一人称问句使用“shall”。
例A：Shall I call you a taxi ?
(需要我替你叫一辆出租车吗?)
例B：Shall we tell her the truth ?
(我们可以把实情告诉她吗?)
⑤问句是“Shall…?”，答句就用“shall ~”;问句用“Will …?”，答句就用“will ~ ”。
例A：Shall you go to school tomorrow ?
(你明天须要上学去吗?)
Yes, I shall . We'll have an exam .
(是的，我必须去。我们明天有考试。)
例B：Will you go to school with me tomorrow?
(明天你要不要和我一道去学校?)
No, I won't . I'm going on a picnic.
(我不要。我已定好要去郊游。)
注：Let's …”的附加疑问通常使用“…, shall we ?”。
Let's have a rest, shall we?
(我们休息一下，怎样?)
一般将来时除了使用“shall/will + V…”以外，也可以使用下列的几种句式来表达。
1.be going to + V … (即将会……;打算将……)
例A：It is going to rain. Take an umbrella with you.
(带一把伞去。看样子就要下雨了。)
例B：The Browns are going to move to Australia.
(布朗先生全家打算迁移到澳大利亚去。)
2.be about to + V (即将……，指紧接着要发生的动作。)
例：Let's wait a minute. He is about to arrive.
(我们等一下。他即将会到达。)
3.be + V-ing …(定于……，指接近的将来动作。)
例：He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
(他定于明天早晨到香港去。)
4.be + to V (定于……，指预定的将来动作。)
例：She is to be here at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow.
(她定于明晨九时到达这里。)
5.V-(e)s (定于……，指接近的将来动作，但不如第3项主观。)
例：He leaves for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
(他定于明天早晨到香港去。——与(3)项的区别在于(3)项的动作是出自主语的决定，(5)项则不一定是出自主语的决定。)
常用于修饰一般将来时的时间副词有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning (afternoon, evening), next + 时间 (next night, next Monday …, next week, month…, next summer…, next year), in (the) future (将来)，soon (不久之后)，in +时间 (in five days——再过五天，in two weeks——再过二星期)，etc.
Drilling Square
Ⅰ.请在下列各题空格处填入shall或will。
1.You ______ not drive through a red light.
2.I ______ do everything for her.
3.______ you help me with this heavy bag, John?
4.______ I help you with that heavy bag, Madam?
5.Let's go and take a walk after dinner, ______ we?
6."No one ______ leave the classroom if I haven't said Okay," said the teacher.
7.It ______ soon be over, I am sure.
8.Do what you ______ , but don't go out.
9.I ______ take you there with me, if it's OK with your mother.
10.Rain or shine, I ______ come.
Ⅱ.请在下列各题空格处就所设动词给予适当的将来时。
1.A：How do you want to go to Hualain, by air or by train?
B：I am not in a hurry this time, so I (1) take the train.
2.A：(2) (you like) to go to the game this afternoon?
B：I'd love to. Where (3) (we meet) ?
A：You just stay home and wait for me. I (4) drive my car there, so I (5) (pick) you up at about 1:30 .
3.A：It's a good dictionary . I (6) (buy) it, but I don't have money with me now.
B：Don't worry. I (7) (lend) you.
4.A：I hear Miss Chen (8) leave our school and teach in a bigger school in Taipei.
B：But the principal (校长) (9) not let her go . He says she (10) teach at least for another semester until he finds a new teacher. |
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发表于 2016-7-9 17:39:02