2011年6月四级考试模拟试题及参考答案(2)

英语自学网

　Part I Writing (30 minutes)
　　Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic： WILL PHONES KILL LETTER WRITING? You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese：
　　1. 年轻人越来越趋向于打电话
　　2. 信件是否会被电话取缔
　　3. 我的观点

　Part ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
　　Animals on the Move
　　It looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.
　　Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark餾 skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.
　　Moving to Survive
　　In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.
　　Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.
　　Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks’ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.
　　Skin Is the Key
　　The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.
　　The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the body’s back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark’s body snaps back the other way.
　　As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal’s body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet.
　　Source of Energy
　　What causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark餾 similarity to a belted radial tire doesn餿 stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark餾 collagen “radials”. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.
　　When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.
　　The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored.
　　This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable.
　　Dolphin Has Speed Record
　　Another fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal’s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin’s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.
　　In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water.
　　The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin’s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.
　　Other Animals Less Efficient
　　Not all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy.
　　Scientists say that because of the slug’s inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?
　　1.According to the passage, a shark can use movement to do something except .
　　A )to find food
　　B) to avoid being chased by its enemies
　　C) to find a new place to live
　　D) to show its braveness
　　2.Examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines are used to show that .
　　A)humans are the most clever living creatures in the world
　　B)human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environment
　　C)humans are very successful in inventing transportation tools
　　D)humans can’t move like other animals in any circumstances
　　3.What is the key to the shark’s swift locomotion in water?
　　A)The skin. B)The tail. C)The muscle. D)The jaw.
　　4.According to the Duke University scientists, when does the shark stretch its collagen fibers to the greatest extent?
　　A)When moving its tail rapidly.
　　B)When finding its preys.
　　C)When staying without any movement.
　　D)When bending its body in swimming.
　　5.Why is the area just under the shark’s collagen fibers similar to a belted radial tire?
　　A)Because it is also full of blood pressure.
　　B)Because it is also filled of air pressure.
　　C)Because it is also inflated by pressure.
　　D)Because it also can be used again and again.
　　6.A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims .
　　A)slowly through the waterB)rapidly through the water
　　C)against the currentD)at the fastest speed in water
　　7.Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travelas long as it.
　　A)one twelfth times.B)the same.
　　C)12 times.D)1.2 times.
　　8.A shark finds its prey by .
　　9.According to the passage, can be compared to the string of a bow for both of them store energy when stretched .
　　10.When the shark detects an important food source, take place .
        
         
         

enfive

　Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
　　Section A
　　Directions： In this section， you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation， one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause， you must read the four choices marked [A]， [B]， [C] and [D]， and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
　　11. [A] He‘ll be speaking at the end of the meeting. [C]He suddenly decided not to speak.
　　[B] He was supposed to speak last night instead. [D] He already spoke very briefly tonight.
　　12. [A] It’s too high. [C] It‘s cheap indeed.
　　[B] It’s acceptable. [D] The woman should have bargained fo r it.
　　13. [A] At two o‘clock. [C] At four o’clock.
　　[B] At three o‘clock. [D] At five o’clock.
　　14. [A] Shop assistant and customer. [C] Store keeper and customer.
　　[B] Post clerk and customer. [D] Waitress and customer.
　　15. [A] His girlfriend complained of his going to the party without her.
　　[B] He was together with his girlfriend yesterday.
　　[C] He has been busy dating his girlfriend these days.
　　[D] He brought his girlfriend to the party.
　　16. [A] She regretted having bought the second-hand car.
　　[B] It is unnecessary to rent another house.
　　[C] They should sell their second-hand car and buy a new one.
　　[D] They can afford a second-hand car.
　　17. [A] She loves the film too. [C] She asks the man to repeat his words.
　　[B] She doesn‘t think much of the film. [D] It’s not as good as she expected.
　　18. [A] Go out with his wife. [C] Stay at home with his wife.
　　[B] Work for extra hours. [D] Go out with his boss.
　　Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
　　19. [A] It‘s hereditary. [C] He combs his hair too much.
　　[B] The shampoo he used caused it. [D] He is old enough to lose hair.
　　20. [A] Use some special shampoo.
　　[B] Wear a wig.
　　[C] Don’t try to comb hair over the bald or thin patch.
　　[D] Go to the doctor for advice.
　　21. [A] Over the radio. [C] At the man‘s house.
　　[B] At a doctor’s office. [D] At a drug store.
　　22. [A] It suits him. [C] It looks old.
　　[B] It looks ridiculous [D] It‘s getting worse.
　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
　　23. [A] Once a week. [C] Five every month.
　　[B] Three every month. [D] Two every month.
　　24. [A] When there are more than twelve people. [C] When there are fifteen people.
　　[B] When there are five people. [D] When there are more than fifteen people.
　　25. [A] Call the office. [C] Pay the money.
　　[B] Sign your name on the notice board in advance. [D] There is no need to reserve a place.        
         
         

entwo

　　Section B
　　Directions： In this section， you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage， you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C] and [D]。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
　　Passage One
　　Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　26. [A] Because it isn’t closed.
　　[B] Because the students have to pass all examinations before entering it.
　　[C] Because there is no examination before they are accepted as students.
　　[D] Because its door is open.
　　27. [A] At the airport. [C] Taking the air.
　　[B] By plane. [D] On radio and TV.
　　28. [A] Four. [C] Three.
　　[B] Eight. [D] Five.
　　29. [A] In four or five years. [C] In three or four years.
　　[B] In one year. [D] In 36 weeks.
　　Passage Two
　　Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　30. [A] A new way to take notes. [C] The five steps in the reading process.
　　[B] A short name for survey reading method. [D] Different ways to study for examinations.
　　31. [A] That one should think about the ideas while reading the words.
　　[B] That one should always take notes.
　　[C] That one should read only the title and important words.
　　[D] That one should read sequences of words.
　　32. [A] Read. [C] Review.
　　[B] Recite. [D] Reread.
　　Passage Three
　　Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　33. [A] Vacations. [C] Overcrowded classrooms.
　　[B] Wages. [D] Paid sick leaves.
　　34. [A] They want the teachers to resign.
　　[B] They want the teachers to return to work.
　　[C] They are very sympathetic toward the strike.
　　[D] They are refusing to comment on the situation.
　　35. [A] Parent Board. [C] Teachers‘ Union.
　　[B] District Court. [D] School Committee.
　　Section C
　　Directions： In this section， you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time， you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time， you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank， you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally， when the passage is read for the third time， you should check what you have written.
　　There are 17 kinds of penguins in the world. All of them live in the southern (36) ________. Only a few (37) ________ live on the continent of Antarctica at the bottom of the world. The emperor penguins are the largest. They are about 100 (38) ________ tall and weigh about 30 kilograms. Their special (39) ________ of mating makes them different from all other penguins.
　　For thousands of years the emperor penguins have lived on the (40) ________ Continent of Antarctica. These black and white birds live in large groups or colonies. There are about 40 emperor penguin colonies on Antarctica. In total there are about 400，000 birds.
　　These birds spend the summer swimming in the ocean in (41) ________ of food such as fish and (42) ________. Penguins are not able to fly， but they are (43) ________ swimmers. (44) ________________________________________. But when summer ends， so does this easy time spent by the water. (45) ________________________________________.
　　(46) ________________________________________. They must find an area with some shelter from the freezing winds.
        
         
         

enfour

　Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
　　Section A
　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
　　Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
　　In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages and the disadvantages47using foreign faculty in teaching positions have to be48, of course. It can be said that the foreign background that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also49 problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual. The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; 50, what he needs is to be fitted to a highly organized university system quite different from51at home. He is faced in his daily work with differences in philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching. Both the visiting professor and his students52a common ground in each other’s cultures, some concept of what is already in the minds of American students is53for the foreign professor. While helping him to adapt himself to his new environment, the university must also54certain adjustments in order to take full advantage of what the newcomer can55. It isn’t always known how to make creative use of foreign faculty, especially at smaller colleges. This is thought to be a56where further study is called for. The findings of such a study will be of value to colleges and universities with foreign faculty.
　　A)field B)possess C)considered D)express E)offer
　　F)create G)required H)ofI)emerge J)make
　　K)lack L)however M)scope N)cause O)that
　　Section B
　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
　　Passage One
　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
　　There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job, either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.
　　“Contact us before writing your application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.
　　There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.
　　Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for”, was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job interview.
　　There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.
　　57. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns .
　　A)informs job hunters of the opportunities available
　　B)promises to offer useful advice to those looking for employment
　　C)divides available jobs into various types
　　D)informs employers of the people available for work
　　58. Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because .
　　A)there is a lack of jobs available for artistic people
　　B)there are so many top瞝evel jobs available
　　C)there are so many people out of work
　　D)the job history is considered to be a work of art
　　59. In the past it was expected that first job hunters would .
　　A)write an initial letter giving their life history
　　B)pass some exams before applying for a job
　　C)have no qualifications other than being able to read and write
　　D)keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview
　　60. Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter .
　　A)something that would distinguish one from other applicants
　　B)hinted information about the personality of the applicant
　　C)one’s advantages over others in applying for the job
　　D)an occasional trick with the aggressive approach
　　61. The curriculum vitae has become such an important document because .
　　A)there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertised
　　B)there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degrees
　　C)jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadays
　　D)the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicated

　　Passage Two
　　Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
　　In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent瞔ontrolled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.
　　Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low瞤aying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.
　　Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.
　　Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if “other things are equal”. Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.
　　62. There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may .
　　A)cause a shortage of apartments
　　B)worry those who rent apartments as homes
　　C)increase the profits of landlords
　　D)encourage landlords to invest in building apartments
　　63. According to the critics, rent control .
　　A)will always benefit those who rent apartments
　　B)is unnecessary
　　C)will bring negative effects in the long run
　　D)is necessary under all circumstances
　　64. The problem of unemployment will arise .
　　A)if the minimum wage is set too highB)if the minimum wage is set too low
　　C)if the workers are unskilledD)if the maximum wage is set
　　65. The passage tells us .
　　A)the relationship between supply and demand
　　B)the possible results of government controls
　　C)the necessity of government control
　　D)the urgency of getting rid of government controls
　　66. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
　　A)The results of economic decisions can not always be predicted.
　　B)Minimum wage can not always protect employees.
　　C)Economic theory can predict the results of economic decisions if other factors are not changing.
　　D)Economic decisions should not be based on economic theory.
        
         
         

enfour

　　Part ⅤCloze(15 minutes)
　　Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
　　For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never瞖nding flood of words. In 67 a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend 68 can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are 69 readers. Most of usdevelop poor reading 70 at an early age, andnever get over them. The main deficiency 71 in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have 72 meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. 73, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to 74 words or passages. Regression, thetendency to look back over 75 you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which 76 down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as 77 reads.
　　To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an 78, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate 79 the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, 80 word-by-word reading,regression and sub-vocalization, practically impossible. At first 81 is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, 82 your comprehension will improve.Many people have found 83 reading skilldrastically improved after some training. 84 Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute 85 the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can 86 more reading material in a short period of time.
　　67. A)applying B)doing
　　C)offering D)getting
　　68. A)quickly B)easily
　　C)roughly D)decidedly
　　69. A)good B)curious
　　C)poor D)urgent
　　70. A)training B)habits
　　C)situations D)custom
　　71. A)lies B)combines
　　C)touches D)involves
　　72. A)some B)a lot
　　C)little D)dull
　　73. A)Fortunately B)In fact
　　C)Logically D)Unfortunately
　　74. A)reuse B)reread
　　C)rewrite D)recite
　　75. A)what B)which
　　C)that D)if
　　76. A)scales B)cuts
　　C)slows D)measures
　　77. A)some one B)one
　　C)he D)reader
　　78. A)accelerator B)actor
　　C)amplifier D)observer
　　79. A)then B)as
　　C)beyond D)than
　　80. A)enabling B)leading
　　C)making D)indicating
　　81. A)meaning B)comprehension
　　C)gist D)regression
　　82. A)but B)nor
　　C)or D)for
　　83. A)our B)your
　　C)their D)such a
　　84. A)Look at B)Take
　　C)Make D)Consider
　　85. A)for B)in
　　C)after D)before
　　86. A)master B)go over
　　C)present D)get through
　　Part ⅥTranslation(5 minutes)
　　Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
　　87. But for his help, I (我不可能这么早完成).
　　88. I don’t mind your (延期做出) the decision as long as it is not too late.
　　89. Over a third of the population was estimated (无法获得) to the health service.
　　90. It is no good waiting for the bus, (我们不妨走回家吧).
　　91. Last week, Tom and his friends celebrated his twentieth birthday, (尽情地唱歌跳舞).

        
         
         

ensix

     2011年6月四级考试模拟试题及参考答案
        Part I Writing
        参考范文
　　Will phones kill letter writing?
　　Today， with the quick pace of life， people， especially young people， usually do not have as much time to write letters as before. They communicate with each other through the electric line. They are becoming so dependent on telephones that some people say that one day phones will kill letter writing. But I don’t think it is the case.
　　It is true that communicating by letters is not as convenient as by telephone. However， letter writing makes people think clearly. When a person writes， he must organize his thoughts and express his ideas and feelings more logically. In addition， letters give you a chance to read them again. Isn‘t it exciting to receive a letter from your parents or your friends? Isn’t it pleasant to red the letter again and to feel again the excitement and the pleasantness?
　　So if you have time， write a letter right now， and you will certainly give your friends and your family a pleasant surprise.
　Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)
　　原文精译
　　动物的运动
　　除了缺少剧情音乐之外，这看上去就像《大白鲨》影片中的一个场景：一条巨大的鲨鱼在水中慢慢地游着，尾巴就像钟摆一样来回地摆动。
　　突然，它敏感的皮肤神经末梢感受到了猎物游动时发出的震动。瞬间，它就变成一台高效致命的死亡机器。它绷紧肌肉，快速地在水中砍出一条通道。眨眼之间，它便用强有力的嘴巴咬住了它的猎物，一条大鱼。随后，它来回扭动着头，从猎物的身上撕下大块大块的肉，把它们吞了下去。很快地，猎食活动就结束了。
　　为了生存而移动
　　鲨鱼追逐猎物的过程以一种夸张的方式证明了移动(或者运动)对于动物的重要作用。
　　像鲨鱼一样，大部分的动物通过移动来发现食物。他们还利用移动来逃避敌人、寻找配偶、开拓新的地盘。移动的方法包括：爬行、跳跃、滑行、飞行、飘浮或者漫步。
　　借助各种有助移动的发明，人类加强了其移动优势，可以在任何环境下移动。汽车、火箭、潜艇能把人类从深海运输到遥远的月亮。然而，对于其他的动物而言，移动来源于数百万年的进化。鲨鱼是其中最成功的例子。它能够以接近零的时间快速地捕获猎物，这给科学家们留下了深刻的印象。但是，经过仔细地研究，美国杜克大学的海洋生物学家S. A. Wainwright、F. Vosburgh和J. H. Hebrank才发现了鲨鱼是如何做到这一点的。在研究中，科学家们对位于佛罗里达州圣奥古斯丁海上乐园泳池中游泳的鲨鱼进行了观察。他们拍摄了鲨鱼的运动情况，对它们进行了分析，同时也对鲨鱼的皮肤和肌肉进行了研究。
　　皮肤是关键
　　生物学家们发现，鲨鱼的皮肤是它们在水中高效游动的关键。鲨鱼的皮肤中含有许多纤维，像子午线轮胎的内部一样交错在一起。这些纤维被称为胶原纤维。随着它们的放松或拉紧，这些纤维可以储存或释放大量的能量。当拉伸纤维时，纤维中蓄满了能量，就像绷紧的弓弦一样。能量被释放后，纤维就松弛了。
　　杜克大学的生物学家发现，最大拉伸发生在鲨鱼弯曲身体游动的时候。当身体前后移动时，弯曲处外侧的纤维受到强烈的拉伸，大量的潜能被储存在纤维中。当鲨鱼朝另一个方向迅速掉头时，这种能量就被释放出来了。
　　随着能量在鲨鱼身体两侧交替地储存和释放，它的尾巴就像鞭子一样强烈地来回摆动。这种像皮鞭一样的动作促使鲨鱼像发射的子弹一样在水中穿来穿去。
　　能量的来源
　　是什么让纤维能存储如此多的能量呢?在追寻答案的过程中，杜克大学的科学家们发现，鲨鱼与子午线轮胎的相似性并不仅仅存在于皮肤上。正如子午线轮胎是由压力膨胀的一样，在鲨鱼胶原辐射处的下方也有一个膨胀区。但是，鲨鱼体内的压力可能来自于血液压缩胶原纤维而产生的压力，而不是来自于空气的压力。
　　当鲨鱼缓慢游动时，纤维内的压力相对较低。纤维比较松弛时，鲨鱼就能以锐角的角度弯身。在寻找食物或只是游动时，鲨鱼以这种方式进行移动。但是，当它发现重要的食物来源时，一些奇妙的变化就自动发生了。
　　鲨鱼内部的压力可能会增加10倍，胶原纤维在这种压力下剧烈拉伸，蓄积了大量的能量。
　　接着，这种能量被转移到尾巴上，鲨鱼快速运动起来，剩下的事情就可想而知了。
　　海豚是速度最快的纪录保持者
　　海豚是另一种快速的海洋动物，这种海洋哺乳动物的速度为每小时20英里。研究海豚的生物学家们发现，就像鲨鱼一样，海豚的快速游动可以追溯到其皮肤。海豚的皮肤是这样构成的：它对流过其身体的水流产生的阻力很小。通常情况下，当鱼或其他动物在水中缓慢游动时，水流会平稳地流过它们的身体。这种平稳的水流被称为层流。然而，当鱼快速移动时，其周围的水流就变得湍急起来。这种乱流使摩擦加大，降低了鱼的速度。
　　海豚的皮肤弹性很大，可以随着水波的波形而弯曲。
　　实际上，水波是被卷进了海豚皮肤的皱褶处。这样，其余的水就以层流的方式从其身边平稳地流过。其他动物快速游动时，由于受到乱流的阻碍，其速度就降低了;但是，海豚却能够以破纪录的速度在水中快速穿行。
　　其他的低速动物
　　并不是所有的动物都能像鲨鱼和海豚一样快速地游动。在运动效率方面最大的输家可能是蛞蝓(鼻涕虫)。它看起来就像没有壳的蜗牛，其爬行过的地方会留下一条细细的踪迹。它要使用大量的能量制造黏滑的黏液，以便在其上爬行。移动同样的距离，老鼠只需要其所耗费能量的十二分之一。
　　科学家们认为，由于蛞蝓(鼻涕虫)利用能量的效率很低，所以它的生活必然受到一定的限制。换句话说，它们都被迫把自己束缚在很小的区域之中来搜寻食物和寻找合适的生活条件。人类曾经面临过这样的问题吗?
　　1.【答案】D)
　　【解析】属同义转换题，本题是一种排除选择题。根据题干中的中心词“movement to do something”，可以将答案定位在小标题“Moving to Survive”下第二段的前两句话，“Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore now territories”。该句与题干是一种同义转换，选项A)、B)和C)在原文中均有提及，所以不是正确选项;答案D)在原文没有提及，所以是正确答案。
　　2.【答案】B)
　　【解析】属细节推断题。题干考查汽车、火箭和潜艇的例子是为了说明什么，其中的“examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines”是关键词，可以将答案定位在文章小标题“Moving to Survive”下第三段的前两句话，“Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon”，第二句话所举例子正是为了说明第一句话的内容，这与B)项意思一致，而其他选项在文中均未提及。
　　3.【答案】A)
　　【解析】属细节推断题。分析题干，本题考查鲨鱼在水中快速游动的关键是什么。其中的“key”是关键词，可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the Key”下首段的第一句话，“The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water”，这与选项A)完全一致，所以直接选择A)即可。其他选项在文中均有提及，但是都不符合题干的要求。
　　4.【答案】D)
　　【解析】属细节推断题。题干中的“the Duke University scientists”是关键词，可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the Key”下第二段的第一句话，“The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming”。这与选项D)的内容完全一致，所以答案选D)项，而其他选项原文均未提及，为干扰项。
　　5.【答案】C)
　　【解析】属细节推断题。题干中“a belted radial tire”是关键词，可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Source of Energy”下第一段的第三句话，“Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen ‘radials’”。其中的“just as”和“so”正说明了两者的相似之处在于“inflated by pressure”，所以答案应该是C)。选项A)和B)是两者的不同之处，选项D)在文中没有提及。
　　6.【答案】A)
　　【解析】属细节推断题。题干中的关键词是“a laminar flow”，所以可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Dolphin Has Speed Record”下，根据该节第一段的倒数第三、四句话，“Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow.”。题干是对这两句话的改写，所以正确答案是A)选项。其他三个选项的意思均不符合“a laminar flow”的定义，与题干要求不符。
　　7.【答案】C)
　　【解析】属同义转换题。题干中“a slug”和“a mouse”均为关键词，可以直接定位在小标题“Other Animals Less Efficient”下第一段的第二句话，“It uses so much energy ... a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy”。题干是对该句的同义改写，所以正确答案是C)12 times，其他选项均与原文内容不符。
　　8. 【答案】feeling the vibrations of a struggling prey
　　【解析】鲨鱼靠感受猎物游动的震动来发现猎物。
　　9. 【答案】collagen fibers
　　【解析】在Skin Is the Key中，第二、三句话，The fibers are called collagen fibers。
　　10.【答案】some fantastic involuntary changes
　　【解析】 在Source of Energy中，第二段倒数第一句话就是本题答案。

        
         
         

entwo

　　69. 【答案】C)
　　【解析】英语中，阅读速度快的人称为good reader，反之，就是poor reader。根据上下文的内容，多数人都属于poor reader，因此选poor(差的)。其他选项不妥。
　　70. 【答案】B)
　　【解析】此处的意思是“大多数人早期养成看书慢的习惯”因此选habits(习惯)。training (训练，培训);situations(形势);custom(风俗习惯)。
　　71. 【答案】A)
　　【解析】 此处说的是“主要的困难在于语言的自身要素，即单词”。combines联合;touches接触;involves包括，这三项的词义与原文不符。而lies与in构成搭配，意为“在于”。
　　72. 【答案】C)
　　【解析】 这里的意思是“如果单个地看这些字，它们并没有什么意义”。some有点;a lot许多;dull单调的。此三项不合题意。只有little(很少)是否定词，合乎逻辑。
　　73. 【答案】D)
　　【解析】此句意为作者对未受过阅读训练的人不会读句子组合感到遗憾。fortunately幸运地;in fact事实上;logically合乎逻辑地,均不妥。unfortunately(不幸地)合乎句意。
　　74. 【答案】B)
　　【解析】 此句意为“在阅读时经常重读(反复读)”因此，选reread重读。reuse再使用;rewrite重写;recite背诵。
　　75. 【答案】A)
　　【解析】 此处所填的词既是look back over的宾语，又是you have just read的宾语，只有what能充当这种双重成分。
　　76. 【答案】C)
　　【解析】 scales down按比例减少;cuts down削减，此两项不合题意。measures不能与down搭配。只有slow与down搭配的意思“放慢”，在此合适。
　　77. 【答案】B)
　　【解析】 本段前文已经出现you，在此选one(泛指人们、我们、你)来代替you。some one无此用法。如果用reader，前面应加定冠词。he不能与该段逻辑一致。
　　78. 【答案】A)
　　【解析】 此句意为“训练快速阅读所使用的工具必然与提高阅读速度有关”，因此选accelerator (快读器)。actor演员;amplifier放大器;observer观察者。
　　79. 【答案】D)
　　【解析】前面的faster决定了应当选than，构成比较级。
　　80. 【答案】C)
　　【解析】 此句意为“快速阅读器迫使你加快阅读速度，使你再也不能逐字阅读，回顾前文内容或者默读”。enabling相当于making possible;leading引导;indicating指出，表明。都不合题意。只有making (使，使得)最合适。
　　81. 【答案】B)
　　【解析】 这里的意思是“速读最初会影响理解”，所以选comprehension(理解力)。meaning意义，意思，指词或词组表示的意义;gist大意，要旨;regression回顾。
　　82. 【答案】A)
　　【解析】 与前半句中的not only相呼应，构成句式“不仅……，而且……”，只有选but，而nor,or或for均不能构成固定用法。
　　83. 【答案】C)
　　【解析】 本句中的主语是第三人称复数，物主代词必然是their。
　　84. 【答案】B)
　　【解析】take与后面的for instance构成短语，意为：“以……例”，其他三项不能构成搭配。
　　85. 【答案】D)
　　【解析】 这里提到受训之前与受训之后进行比较、对比，因此选before。
　　86. 【答案】D)
　　【解析】 此处意为：在较短时间内，读完众多的材料。master掌握;go over复习;present呈现，展现。此三项均不妥。只有get through (读完)最恰当。
　　Part ⅥTranslation
　　87. 【答案】would not have finished so early
　　【解析】 本题考查虚拟语气would have done,表示本该发生的事没有发生。本句使用的是否定形式。“but for”表示“要不是……”。
　　88. 【答案】delaying making
　　【解析】本题考查mind的用法，这里应填入的是动名词形式。
　　89. 【答案】to have no access
　　【解析】access这里的意思是“(使用或见到的)机会，权利”，have access to为固定搭配,即“有机会做某事”。本句中使用的是否定。
　　90. 【答案】we may/might as well walk home
　　【解析】本题重点在“不妨”的译法。may as well表示“不妨，最好”。
　　91. 【答案】singing and dancing to their heart’s content
　　【解析】本句需填入的成分在句中起补充说明的作用，因此用动名词形式。“尽情地”译为“to one’s heart’s content”。