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发表于 2016-7-14 00:08:53
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report/ri'p:t/ n.报告 ;
SAT/st/ [Scholastic Aptitude Test]学业能力测试 ;
scholastic /sk'lstik/ adj.学校的,学术的 ;
score/sk:/n. (测试的)成绩,评分 ;
sex/seks/n.性,性别 sharp/a:p/ adj.急剧的 ;
source/s:s/n.来源 sourvey/'s:vei/ n.调查 task/ta:sk/n.任务,作业 ;
teenager /'ti:n,id/ n.(13至19岁的)青少年, 十几岁的少年 ;
topic/'tpik/ n.题目,话题 ;
traditional /tr'dinl/ adj.传统的 ;
universal /,ju:ni'v:sl/ adj.普通的 ;
variety/v'raiti/ n.多样化,变化 ;
a variety of种种 view/vju:/vt.看 television viewing 看电视 ;
viewer/'vju:/ n.观看者 violence/'vailns/ n.暴力,暴力行为 ;
war/w:/n.战争 ;
TEXT The Tube and Violence ;
We already have a good percentage of people in America who think it's perfectly, ;
O.K.to grab what they want,to do what they want, ;
and the only bad thing is getting caught. ;
A report published in May 1982 by the ;
National Institute of Mental Health says that violence on televison does lead to ;
aggressive behavior by children and teenagers who watch the programs. ;
In one five-year study of 732 children, ;
several kinds of aggression-conflicts with parents, ;
fighting,and delinquency-were all found ;
to be related to the amount of television viewing. ;
Defenders of TV,have long held that there is no clear link ;
between viewing and violence. ;
The findings covered a number of other topics. In one survey, ;
more than half the parents thought their children learned more about sex ;
from TV than from any other source except the parents themselves. ;
The report noted that almost all Americans watch TV, ;
many for hours each day. ;
Those who watch TV most are the very young and very old, ;
women,and minorities. Heavy viewers are usually less educated. ;
Television is also partly blamed for a sharp decline in traditional learning. ;
Since television became nearly universal in the early 1960s, ;
average scores for high school students taking the Scholastic Aptitude Test, ;
a national test of academic ability, ;
have declined from 478 to 424 on the language exam and from 502 to 466 in mathematics. ;
Educators appointed to study the decline noted that by age sixteen ;
most children have spent 10,000 to 15,000 ;
hours watching television-more time than they have spent in school. ;
Their conclusion is that television is a cause of the SAT score decline. ;
As TV's children graduated in the 1960s and 1970s, ;
a performance level test of grown-ups found that 20 percent of the American ;
population could not perform basic kinds of reading,writing, ;
or computing tasks-such ;
as calculating the change on a small purchase,addressing an envelope, ;
reading a want ad,or filling out a job application. ;
No doubt television has its advantages, too,For instance, ;
it has achieved remarkable results in keeping the public ;
informed of a huge variety of developments from the war ;
in the Middle East to the problems of migrant workers. ;
Lesson Thirteen ;
Words and Expressions ;
accommodation /,km'dein/ n.住宿(的地方) ;
age/eid/n.年龄 of all ages各种年龄的 aged/eidd/ adj....岁的 ;
benefit/'benifit/n. (依照社会保险付给的) 津贴;救济金,抚恤金 ;
board/b:d/n.伙食 cardboard /'ka:db:d/ n.卡(片)纸板,硬纸 ;
cardboard box纸板箱 cause/k:z/vt.引起 cost/kst/n.费用 cut/kt/n.削减 ;
divorce/di'v:s/ n.离婚 employer/im'pli/ n.雇主 ;
enter/'ent/ vt.进,入 exam/ig'zm/n.考试 ;
force/f:s/ vt.强迫,迫使 head/hed/n.头 ;
homeless/'humlisnis/ adj.无家的 ;
homelessness /'humlisnis/ n.无家可归的现象 ;
hostel/'hstl/ n.招待所,寄宿舍 housing/'hauzi/ n.住房;住房建筑 ;
housing group 住房问题小组 ;
impossible /im'psbl/adj. 无法忍受的,非常讨厌的 ;
income/'inkm/n.收入 in the open(air) 在户外,在露天 ;
law/l:/ n.法律,法令 mostly/'mustli/ adv.主要地,大部分 ;
organisation /,:gnai'zein/ n.组织,团体 ;
overnight/'uv'nait/ adj.一夜(间)的;过夜的 parent/'prnt/ n.父亲,母亲 ;
parental/p'rentl/ adj.父母的 payment/'peimnt/ n.支付(的)款项 ;
point/pint/ vt.& vi.指 point out指出 ;
poverty/'pvti/ n.贫穷,贫困 prove/pru:v/ vt.证明,证实 ;
provide/pr'vaid/ vt.提供 reason/'ri:zn/ n.理由,原因 ;
recent/'ri:snt/ adj.新近的,近来的 refuse/ri'fju:z/ vt.拒绝,拒给 ;
rent/rent/ n.租金,租 rising/'raizi/ adj.上涨的 ;
roof/ru:f/ n.屋顶 run/rn/vt.办,管理 ;
ran/rn/(过去式) run(过去分词) runaway/'rnwei/ n.逃跑者 ;
schoolgirl/'sku:lgl/ n.(中,小学)女生 science/'sains/ n.科学;自然科学,理科 ;
seek/si:k/ vt.寻找 sought/s:t/ (过去式,过去分词) ;
shelter/'elt/ n.避难所,蔽身之处 shortage/':tid/ n.不足,缺少 ;
step-[构词部分] 表示"继","异" step-parent继父,继母 ;
take on雇用 throw/ru/ vt.抛,扔 ;
threw/ru:/(过去式) thrown/run/ (过去分词) ;
throwaway/'ruwei/ adj.被抛弃的 turn out adj.证明(是) ;
unladylike /n'leidilaik/adj. 不适合于贵妇人身份的 不文雅的 ;
unsympathetic /'n,simp'etik/ 冷漠无情的 ;
voluntary /'vlntri/adj. 自愿的,志愿的 ;
youngster/'jst/ n.年轻人 ;
TEXT No Place Like Home ;
All over the country young people are ;
entering a world of homelessness and poverty, ;
according to a recent report by the housing group, Shelter. ;
Nearly 150,000 young people aged between sixteen and twenty-five will ;
become homeless this year, says Shelter. ;
Some of the young homeless may sleep out in the open in such places ;
as "cardboard city" in London, where people of all ages ;
sleep in the open air in their only homes-cardboard boxes? ;
Others may find accommodation in shelters run ;
by voluntary organisations or get a place in a hostel, ;
which gives them board for up to ten weeks. ;
But who are these people? ;
Those seeking a roof over 167 their heads are mostly not runaways ;
but "throwaways" people who have been thrown out of their ;
homes or forced to leave because of parental divorce, ;
an unsympathetic step-parent or one of many other reasons. ;
Take the case of one sixteen-year-old schoolgirl called Alice. ;
She did not come from a poor home and had just passed her exams with good results. ;
The Shelter team met her in an overnight hostel ;
where she was sitting down doing her Physics homework. ;
It turned out that her parents had thrown her out of her home for ;
no other reason than that she wanted to do science higher ;
exams-which her parents refused her permission to do, ;
saying that sciences were unladylike! ;
Shelter says that the Government's laws do nothing to help these youngsters. ;
Rising rents, a shortage of cheap housing ;
and a cut in benefits for young people under the age of twenty-five are ;
causing a national problem, according to Shelter. ;
The recent changes in the benefit laws mean that someone aged between sixteen ;
and twenty-five gets less than older people. ;
Benefits are the state system of payments which the government provides for people ;
who have an extremely low income, or no income. ;
The system provides money to help people with the cost of somewhere to live, ;
and basic food. New changes in the law mean ;
that young people under twenty-five can only ask for state help if ;
they prove they left home for a good reason. ;
Shelter believes that because of the cuts in benefits to young people, ;
more and more are being forced to sleep on the streets. ;
Shelter also points out that if you are homeless, ;
you can't get a job because employers will not take on someone ;
without a permanent address, ;
and if you can't get a job, you are homeless because ;
you don' t have any money to pay for accommodation. ;
It's an impossible situation. ;
Lesson Fourteen ;
Words and Expressions ;
admiration /,dm'rein/ n.钦佩,羡慕 ;
airport/'ep:t/ n.机场 ;
annual/'njul/ adj.每年的,年度的 army /'a:mi/n.军队 army man军人 ;
award/'w:d/ vt.授予,给予 bed/bed/n.床 flower bed 花坛 ;
brilliant/'briljnt/ adj.(色彩)鲜明的 ;
count/kaunt/vi.算数; 有(考虑的)价值; 算得上的 ;
cup /kp/n.奖杯 decoration /,dek'rein/ n.装潢 装饰 ;
decorations [通常用复数]装饰品 excited /ik'saitid/ adj.兴奋的,激动的 ;
exhibit/ig'zibit/ n.展览品,陈列品 exhibitor/ig'zibit/ n.(展览会等的)参加者 ;
flower/'flu/ n.花 follow/'flu/ vi.随着,接着 ;
gardener/'ga:dn/ n.园林工人 hang/h/ vi.悬挂,吊着 ;
hung/h/ (过去式,过去分词) judge/dd/ vt.& vi.裁判(比赛) ;
line/lain/ n.交通线,线路线 means/mi:nz/ n.方法,手段 ;
medal/'medl/n.奖章 non- [前缀]非,无,不(是) ;
non-working time n.非工作时间 notice/'nutis/ vt.注意,注意到 ;
nurseryman/'n:staim/ n.苗木培养工 occasion/'kein/ n.场合;(重大的)时刻 ;
pastime/'pa:staim/ n.消遣,娱乐 pensioner/'penn/ n.领取抚恤金者 ;
pot/pt/ n.(花盆) prize/praiz/n.奖金 railway/'reilwei/ n.铁道,铁路 ;
regional/'ri:dnl/ adj.地区的 show/u/ n.展览(会) ;
size/saiz/n.大小,尺寸 tent/tent/n.帐篷,帐棚 top /tp/n.顶,最高位 ;
type/taip/n.类型,式 understand /,nd'stnd/ vt.理解,了解 ;
understood /,nd'stud/ (过去式,过去分词) ;
vegetable/'veditbl/ n.蔬菜 village/'vilid/ n.乡村,村庄 ;
whether/'we/ conj.是否 Proper Noun ;
Chelsea/'telsi/ (英)切尔西(区) ;
Text Growins Things ;
One of the best means of understanding the people of any nation is watching ;
what they do with their non-working time.Most English men, ;
women and children love growing things, especially flowers. ;
The visitor to England in spring,summer, ;
or autumn will notice gardens all the way along the railway lines. ;
There are flowers at the airports and flowers in factory grounds, ;
as well as in gardens along the roads. ;
Each English town has at least one park with beautifully kept flower beds. ;
Public buildings of every kind have ;
brilliant window boxes and sometimes hanging baskets of flowers. ;
But what the English enjoy most is growing things themselves. ;
If it is impossible to have a garden, ;
then a window box or something growing in a pot will do. ;
Looking at each other's gardens is a popular pastime with the English. ;
There are flower and vegetable growing contests at every level. ;
They start at the top with an annual world-famous flower ;
show held in May at the Chelsea Hospital Gardens in London. ;
In the hospital live the Chelsea pensioners, who are old army men. ;
Their garden is lovely in itself, and is just the place for a flower show. ;
At this show almost every professional ;
nurseryman in the country has an exhibit, ;
as do some first-class amateurs. Cups and medals are awarded, ;
but on this occasion cups and medals are the least part of it. ;
Admiration from true gardeners is the thing that really counts. ;
After the Chelsea Flower Show the regional shows follow. ;
Most towns of any size and many villages have a flower show, for local amateurs. ;
On the day before the show, or on the early morning of show day, ;
people of all ages come to the exhibitors'tents, ;
carrying what they are going to show. ;
There are prizes not only for flower arrangements. ;
For grown-ups there are prizes for every type of flower, fruit, ;
and vegetable,as well as for flower arrangements and table decorations. ;
By the time the results of the judging are known, ;
the usually calm English have often become very excited. ;
They do care about whether their vegetables or flowers get a prize or not. ;
Lesson fifteen ;
Words and Expressions ;
arrive/'raiv/ vi.到,来到 background /'bkgraund/n.背景 ;
become/bi'km/ vi.成为,变得 became/bi'keim/ (过去式) ;
become(过去分词) behave/bi'heiv/ vi.举动,举止;表现 ;
beyond/bi'jnd/ prep.[表示范围]超出 ;
certain/'s:tn/ adj.[只作定语] 某一,某种,一定的 ;
chat/tt/ vi闲谈,聊天 cluster/'klst/ vi.群集 ;
common/'kmn/ adj.共同的 companion /km'pnjn/n.同伴 ;
conduct/kn'dkt/ vt.行动 conduct oneself 为人,表现 ;
constantly /'knstntli/ adv.经常的,不断的 ;
conversation /,knv'sein/ n.会话,谈话 ;
cultural /'kltrl/ adj.文化(上)的 ;
deal/di:l/n.数量 a great deal大量,很多 ;
discomfort /dis'kmft/ n.不自在,不安 ;
ease/i:z/vt. 减轻(负担等),使安心 ;
edge/ed/n.边缘,边 either /'ai/ adj.(两者之中)任一的 或每一方的 ;
either ..or... 或者...或者 end/end/n.末端,尽头 ;
escort/'esk:t/ n.陪同者 excuse /iks'kju:s/ n.借口,理由 ;
expect/iks'pekt/ vt.期待,预期 extend/iks'tend/ vt.伸出,伸 ;
flatter/'flt/ vt.使高兴,使满意 frighten/'fraitn/ vt.使惊恐 ;
gathering/'gri/ adv.聚集,集会 ;
generally /'denrli/ adv.通常地 ;
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