英语语法:副词的构成
1.许多副词,尤其是情状副词,是由形容词加ly或其变体构成的。规则1:一般直接加ly。
brave→bravely; quiet→quietly
He was standing there quietly and smiling at me.
他静静地站在那里，冲着我微笑。
规则2:以ble, gle或ple作结尾的,去掉e加y。
able→ably; simple→simply
规则3:以子音+y作结尾的,将y改成i,再加ly。
angry→angrily; busy→busily; easy→easily; happy→happily
I was busily cooking the fish in the kitchen.
我正在厨房忙着煮鱼。
He took the fish and left laughing happily.
他拿着鱼，快乐地笑着离开了。
但dry, sly后面还可直接加ly。
dry→dryly(drily); sly→slyly(slily)
规则4:以ll作结尾的,只加y。
full→fully; dull→dully
规则5:以ful为字尾的,直接加ly。
useful→usefully; harmful→harmfully
规则6:以ue或ole结尾的,去掉e加ly。
true→truly; due→duly; whole→wholly
I wholly believe what you said.
我完全相信你说的。
规则7:以ic为字尾的,加ally。
heroic→heroically; automatic→automatically; democratic→democratically
但public后面直接加ly。
public→publicly
2.有些以ly作结尾的字不是副词,而是形容词,如:
friendly(友好的),lovely(可爱的)。
3.有些副词不以ly作结尾,如:
quite(非常),perhaps(或许),then(那时)。
He is a quite lovely boy with wings.
他是一个相当可爱的长着翅膀的男孩子。
4.有些字如high, low, near, far, fast, hard, early, late, little, much, enough,
pretty,副词与形容词同形,但意义不一定相同。
She is a pretty girl.
她是个漂亮的姑娘。
pretty(漂亮的),用作形容词。
She is pretty clever.
她相当聪明。
pretty(很),用作副词。
He said that I was a pretty girl and my cooking smelt pretty great.
他说我是个漂亮姑娘，而且我的煮的菜闻起来相当棒。
5.在名词或形容词的字头加a。如
head→ahead
way→away
side→aside
loud→aloud。
6.名词字尾加wise, ward, wards, way。
clock→clockwise
back→backward(s)
north→northward(s)
side→sideways
half→halfway
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