六级翻译-虚拟语气和倒装
虚拟语气：与事实相反的一、 if从句： 即 主句……, if 从句……
1、倒装代替if从句：Had\Were\Should ……，主句……
2、but for = without(如果不是)代替if从句， 两个都是介词
But for \without + 名词 ，主句……
3、with + 名词 ，主句 ……
4、if only + （if 从句） 要是……该多好
二、宾语从句：
1、I suggest（表示命令；建议；请求） that …… shoule +do……
（在虚拟语气中，shoule have done = ought to have done,其他时候should 不等于ought to）
2、I wish that ……（用虚拟语气）
三、主语从句：
1、it is +adj\n that + 虚拟
2、it is +done（表示建议、要求）that + 虚拟
四、目的状语：
Lest或者for fear that + （虚拟语气）should do
五、隐藏虚拟语气：本打算做但结果没有做的
1、had hoped\intended\planned\expected\wanted\meant to do
2、hoped to have done
3、be(was\were) + to have done
4、would\should like to have done
Would have done 表意愿、将来
Should have done 竟然做了、本应该做的
Could have done 有能力做
Might have done 表示猜测
Need have done 本来需要做的却没有做
主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气
有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如：
1. 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：
⑴、 If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
⑵、 If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t dare to do the experiment next week。
2. 从句表示将来，主句表示过去：
⑴、 If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.
3.从句表示将来，主句表示现在：
⑴、 If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.
4.从句表示过去，主句表示现在。
⑴、 If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
⑵、 If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.
6.从句表示现在，主句表示过去
⑴、 If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。 (从句说明现在，主句说明过去。 )
7.从句表示过去，主句表示过去和现在
⑴、 If you hadn't lent me some money, I couldn't have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.
在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。
(1)You wouldn't know. 你不会知道。
(2)I would like to come. 我愿意来。
(3)I wouldn't have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。
(4)He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样。
条件从句中省略 if 采用倒装语序的情况
在 if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、 be或 have的虚拟条件句中的连词 if 省去，而将 had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
1). 原句： If she were younger, she would do it.
去 If： Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词 were移到主语 she的前面 )
2). 原句： If he had tried it, he could have done it.
去 If： Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把 had移到主语 he的前面 )
3).Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.
4).Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
5).Were I in your place, I wouldn't do that.
6).Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.
假如我看了那部电影，昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。
7).Were I a bird, I could fly freely.
假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。
8).Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.
要是下周能下雨的话，农民们就能有个好收成了。
如果虚拟条件句中有 were, had或 should时，把它们放在 if的位置上 ;但是如果条件句中没有 were, had或 should不能用倒装。
⑴ Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do? 要是明天下雨的话，我们怎么办呢 ?
⑵ Were I you, I would have asked him for some advice.要是我是你的话，我就向他请教了。
⑶ Were he to do this work by himself, he would get a lot of money.如果他自己能够做此工作，他就会得到一些钱。
在 "开放式条件句 "和让步状语从句中 should是被省略了的。在这种情况下，如果 if省略，动词 be与主语的位置要倒装。
⑴ If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有权起诉。 )
Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.
⑵ Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错，我都会支持她的。 )
Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.
⑶ ____ ,I will take her as my wife.（答案看最后★）
Were she rich or poor
Being rich or poor
Be she poor or rich
Whether is she poor or rich
注意：有时虚拟条件句并没来 if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语 (otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。
⑴、 We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
⑵、 Without you help, I wouldn't have achieved so much.
⑶、 But for your help, I would not have succeeded.
有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个：
1. I could help you. (只有主句 )
2. If I had time. (只有从句 )
3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句 )
4. If he had much more money. (只有从句 )
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