英语翻译指导：奥巴马访华演讲
Good afternoon. It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and tohave this opportunity to speak with all of you. I'd like to thank Fudan
University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome. I'd
also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the
deep ties and respect between our nations. I don't know what he said, but I hope
it was good. (Laughter.)
What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm
really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who
are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be
asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by
Ambassador Huntsman. And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your
English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.
This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this
majestic country. Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the
attention of the world -- the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and
entrepreneurial activity. And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's
journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to
us from China's distant past. Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance
when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of
the Great Wall. Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and
a belief in the promise of the future.
The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries.
Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the
relationship between the United States and China. It was here, 37 years ago,
that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement
between our governments and among our people. However, America's ties to this
city -- and to this country -- stretch back further, to the earliest days of
America's independence.
In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress
of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade
with the Qing Dynasty. Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around
the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China. This is a common
American impulse -- the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new
partnerships that are mutually beneficial.
Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have
steered the relationship between our countries in many directions. And even in
the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and
even dramatic ties. For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality
shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and
cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so. And
Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who
return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from
occupation.
A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost
between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis. The
very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success -- because
for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were
revealed. As one American player described his visit to China -- "people
are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very
different."
Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the
Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between
the United States and China in 1979. And in three decades, just look at how far
we have come.
In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5
billion -- today it tops over $400 billion each year. The commerce affects our
people's lives in so many ways. America imports from China many of the computer
parts we use, the clothes we wear; and we export to China machinery that helps
power your industry. This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the
Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life. And as
demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.
In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was
rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union. Today, we have a
positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to
partnership on the key global issues of our time -- economic recovery and the
development of clean energy; stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the
scourge of climate change; the promotion of peace and security in Asia and
around the globe. All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet
with President Hu.
And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited. Today, we see
the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being
forged across many sectors. The second highest number of foreign students in the
United States come from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study
of Chinese among our own students. There are nearly 200 "friendship cities"
drawing our communities together. American and Chinese scientists cooperate on
new research and discovery. And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our
shared love of basketball -- I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a
Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.
It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has
accompanied a period of positive change. China has lifted hundreds of millions
of people out of poverty -- an accomplishment unparalleled in human history --
while playing a larger role in global events. And the United States has seen our
economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while
bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion.
There is a Chinese proverb: "Consider the past, and you shall know the
future." Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.
Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty. But the
notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined -- not when we consider
the past. Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China
are more prosperous and more secure. We have seen what is possible when we build
upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.
And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding -- on
sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one
another. For just as that American table tennis player pointed out -- we share
much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain
ways.
I believe that each country must chart its own course. China is an ancient
nation, with a deeply rooted culture. The United States, by comparison, is a
young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who
have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our
democracy.
Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they
enshrine several core principles -- that all men and women are created equal,
and possess certain fundamental rights; that government should reflect the will
of the people and respond to their wishes; that commerce should be open,
information freely accessible; and that laws, and not simply men, should
guarantee the administration of justice.
Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.
In many ways -- over many years -- we have struggled to advance the promise of
these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union. We
fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from
slavery. It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win
the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to
be fully embraced. Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered
through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and
equal rights.
None of this was easy. But we made progress because of our belief in those
core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.
That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a
struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and "dedicated to the
proposition that all men are created equal" could long endure. That is why Dr.
Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that
our nation live out the true meaning of its creed. That's why immigrants from
China to Kenya could find a home on our shores; why opportunity is available to
all who would work for it; and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago
would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as
its President.
And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles
around the world. We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other
nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are
unique to our nation. These freedoms of expression and worship -- of access to
information and political participation -- we believe are universal rights. They
should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities --
whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation. Indeed, it is that
respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries;
our respect for different cultures; our commitment to international law; and our
faith in the future.
These are all things that you should know about America. I also know that
we have much to learn about China. Looking around at this magnificent city --
and looking around this room -- I do believe that our nations hold something
important in common, and that is a belief in the future. Neither the United
States nor China is content to rest on our achievements. For while China is an
ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition,
and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than
today's.
In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary
commitment to science and research -- a commitment borne out in everything from
the infrastructure you build to the technology you use. China is now the world's
largest Internet user -- which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet
as a part of today's event. This country now has the world's largest mobile
phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both
sustain growth and combat climate change -- and I'm looking forward to deepening
the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area
tomorrow. But above all, I see China's future in you -- young people whose
talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st
century.
I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally
interconnected. The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we
protect, the security that we seek -- all of these things are shared. And given
that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game;
one country's success need not come at the expense of another. And that is why
the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise. On the
contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of
the community of nations -- a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and
creativity of individual Chinese like you.
To return to the proverb -- consider the past. We know that more is to be
gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide. That is a lesson that
human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history
between our nations. And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our
government. It must be rooted in our people -- in the studies we share, the
business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we
play. And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and
your counterparts in America.
That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically
expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000. And these
exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as
you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century. And I'm absolutely
confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people.
For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about
the history that is yet to be written.
So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will
serve our nations, and the world. And if there's one thing that we can take from
today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going
forward.
So thank you very much. And I look forward now to taking some questions
from all of you. Thank you very much.
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