英国历史人物介绍：维多利亚女王（双语）
维多利亚女王简介维多利亚女王 Alexandrina Victoria (1819.5.24—1901.1.22)
是英国历史上在位时间最长的君主，在位时间长达64年。她也是第一个以“大不列颠和爱尔兰联合王国女王和印度女皇”名号称呼的英国君主。她在位的64年期间(1837-1901年)是英国最强盛的所谓“日不落帝国”时期。她统治时期，英国历史上称为“维多利亚时代”，英国加大侵略扩张力度，在世界范围内建立和占领了无数殖民地。她在位的60余年正值英国自由资本主义由方兴未艾到鼎盛、进而过渡到垄断资本主义的转变时期，经济、文化空前繁荣，君主立宪制得到充分发展，使维多利亚女王成了英国和平与繁荣的象征。
Queen Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was
the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837
until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of
India.
Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn,
the fourth son of King George III. Both the Duke of Kent and King George III
died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born
mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She inherited the throne at
the age of 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died leaving no
legitimate, surviving children. The United Kingdom was already an established
constitutional monarchy, in which the Sovereign held relatively little direct
political power. Privately, Victoria attempted to influence government policy
and ministerial appointments. Publicly, she became a national icon, and was
identified with strict standards of personal morality.
Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha,
in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the
continent, tying them together and earning her the nickname "the grandmother of
Europe". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and
avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism
temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign, her popularity
recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration.
（兼职编辑：张博）
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