2014年诺贝尔和平奖得主：17岁的巴基斯坦女孩马拉拉
挪威诺贝尔委员会主席托尓比约恩·亚格兰10日宣布，把2014年诺贝尔和平奖授予印度和巴基斯坦的儿童权利活动人士凯拉什·萨蒂亚尔蒂和马拉拉·尤萨夫扎伊，以表彰他们反对压制儿童和青少年、为所有儿童争取教育权所进行的斗争。在获得诺贝尔和平奖后，马拉拉成为了历史上最年轻的诺奖获得者。
马拉拉来自巴基斯坦西北部斯瓦特地区，父亲齐亚丁担任一所学校的校长，一直致力于推动教育事业。塔利班武装2007年占领了斯瓦特地区，实施严厉的教法，并关闭当地女子学校，禁止女孩接受教育。
在父亲的鼓励下，2009年，时年12岁的马拉拉开始用笔名在英国广播公司乌尔都语网站撰写博客，通过儿童的视角和笔触来讲述塔利班统治下的生活。马拉拉逐渐引起外界关注，但也激怒了塔利班。
2012年10月9日，一名塔利班枪手登上了马拉拉乘坐的校车，质问“谁是马拉拉”。在确认身份后，这名枪手近距离向马拉拉头部开枪。
这一枪击事件经媒体报道后引起广泛关注。伤势严重的马拉拉先后在巴基斯坦和英国接受治疗，最终奇迹般康复。伤愈后，马拉拉继续投身于提倡妇女和儿童权益的活动中。
目前，马拉拉和父母以及两个兄弟在英国伯明翰居住，并在当地一所学校上学。10日获得诺贝尔和平奖时，马拉拉正在学校正常上课。
Malala's improbable journey to Nobel Peace Prize
Malala Yousafzai celebrated her Nobel Peace Prize where she always wished
to be: in school.
The Pakistani girl once shot by the Taliban for daring to want an education
just like the boys celebrated being the joint winner of the peace prize Friday
with her classmates at Edgbaston High School for girls in Birmingham, the city
in central England that she now calls home.
The teenager had traveled to Birmingham for medical treatment after being
targeted by the Taliban for her relentless objections to the group's regressive
interpretation of Islam that limits girls' access to education. She was shot
while returning home from school in Pakistan's scenic Swat Valley two years ago,
almost to the day.
Malala Yousafzai speaks during a media conference at the Library of
Birmingham, in Birmingham, England, Friday, Oct. 10, 2014, after she was named
as winner of The Nobel Peace Prize. The Nobel Peace Prize 2014, is awarded
jointly to Malala Yousafzai of Pakistan and Kailash Satyarthi of India, for
risking their lives to fight for children¿s rights. Malala was shot in the head
by a Taliban gunman two-years ago in Pakistan for insisting that girls have the
right to an education. Birmingham, England, Friday, Oct. 10, 2014. (AP Photo/Rui
Vieira)
"This award is for all those children who are voiceless, whose voices need
to be heard," she said at a press conference at Birmingham's Library. "I speak
for them and I stand up with them. And I join them in their campaign."
She said it was an honor for her to share the prize with Kailash Satyarthi
of India, 60, who has spent a lifetime working against child slavery and
exploitation. She also invited the prime ministers of both India and Pakistan to
attend the Nobel awards ceremony.
Malala's case won worldwide recognition, and the teen, now 17, became a
symbol for the struggle for women's rights in Pakistan. In an indication of her
reach, she spoke before the United Nations and made the shortlist for Time
magazine's "Person of the Year" for 2012.
But the journey was simply improbable.
On Oct. 9, 2012, Malala climbed into the back of a small pick-up truck used
to transport Swat Valley children home from school. They laughed and talked as
the truck rumbled over roads lined with pot holes.
As they approached a narrow bridge over a garbage-strewn stream, a masked
man with a gun suddenly stopped the truck. Another man with a pistol jumped into
the back.
"Who is Malala?" he shouted.
The girls did not answer but heads automatically swiveled toward her. The
man raised his pistol. One bullet hit Malala on the top of her head. Two other
students were also hit, less seriously.
Malala was transferred to a military hospital near Islamabad, the Pakistani
capital, as her head swelled dangerously. Her father, Ziauddin, was certain that
his daughter would not survive the night. He sent a message to his
brother-in-law in Swat to prepare a coffin.
Pakistani doctors removed a bullet that entered her head and traveled
toward her spine before she was flown to Britain for more specialized brain
trauma care. She woke up a week later at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham,
England.
She says she regained consciousness with one thought: "Thank God I'm not
dead."
Malala gradually regained her sight and her voice. She was reunited with
her parents. Soon there were pictures, stuffed animals at her side. She sent
messages to well-wishers.
Three months later she walked out of the hospital, smiling shyly as she
cautiously strode down the corridor.
"She is quite well and happy on returning home — as we all are," her father
told The Associated Press at the time.
Pakistan made Malala's father its education attache in Birmingham for at
least three years, giving the family stability and Malala a safe place to go to
school.
She went back to school as soon as she could, and confessed that math was
her least favorite subject. She kept campaigning for the rights of children to
go to school — meeting President Barack Obama, attending rights conferences,
becoming the keynote speaker at corporate events in London. She began rubbing
elbows with people who had the power and the money to help her realize her
dreams.
All along, she delighted many by simply being young, determined and most of
all, herself.
At a Vodafone conference celebrating women, she confided that she didn't
have a mobile phone. The crowd gasped, but chuckled at the notion of a teenager
who admitted she had no need for a phone.
With British journalist Christina Lamb, she co-authored a memoir, "I am
Malala," which revealed to the world that she was, in fact, also a regular
teenager. There's a part of her that loves the TV show "Ugly Betty," whose main
character works at a fashion magazine. She likes pop star Justin Bieber, watches
the television cooking show "Master Chef."
And on Friday, the people who helped her on the journey — and those just
touched by her story along the way — couldn't help but be swept up by the magic
of it all.
"Malala is an inspiration for the many women in Afghanistan and Pakistan
who have been fighting for their rights and struggling against the misogynous
policies of the Taliban and local warlords," said David Cortright, co-author of
"Afghan Women Speak" and a professor at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana.
"As we know, people learn best from personal stories. Malala's story is a
powerful antidote to extremist propaganda, and the Nobel Prize reinforces its
impact."
Doctors in Birmingham offered congratulations, noting her focus and
dedication. And the people of the city that threw its arms out to welcome her
simply nodded their heads: No surprise at this news. She's liked here, well
known. Malala has embraced the city, proudly describing herself as a "Brummie"
like other locals.
"Sure, puts a bit of pride into it," said John Mullan, 78, an aluminium
worker and resident of Birmingham, said Friday after the Nobel Prize news.
"She's just young girl who stood up to them. Many other people wouldn't have
done that."
Malala remains determined to return to Pakistan one day and enter politics.
In Birmingham on Friday, her growing polish was clear. She spoke from the heart
in three languages, offering an almost uncanny combination of a teenager with a
vision and a diplomat with a platform.
She did a need a box though, so that she could be seen over the podium. A
small concession, but necessary to be heard.
She will split the peace prize's $1.1 million cash award with co-winner
Satyarthi. Malala said the joint prize gives a message that the people of both
countries — and people who are Hindu and Muslim — can work together.
"We support each other," she said.
Her parents and brothers came, too, and posed together for family
photographs while the world's media begged them to look their way. Her normally
reticent mother, who has more than once hidden when cameras emerged, stood
alongside, looking straight ahead. Beaming.
But what everyone wanted to know was: how did she learn the news? How did a
17-year-old who just received the world's highest honor react after being pulled
out of chemistry.
"I felt really honored," she said with a schoolgirl gush. There was
probably some jumping up and down, but she didn't mention that.
Then she turned around and rejoined the other girls. She was back in time
for physics.
An Indian child rescued by the workers of the NGO Bachpan Bachao Andolan or
Save Childhood Movement which is run by Kailash Satyarthi, poses for a portrait
at the Mukti Ashram in New Delhi, India, Friday, Oct. 10, 2014. Taliban attack
survivor Malala Yousafzai became the youngest Nobel winner ever as she and
Satyarthi of India won the Nobel Peace Prize on Friday for working to protect
children from slavery, extremism and child labor at great risk to their own
lives. (AP Photo/Bernat Armangue)
Malala Yousafzai after speaking during a media conference at the Library of
Birmingham, in Birmingham, England, Friday, Oct. 10, 2014, after she was named
as winner of The Nobel Peace Prize. The Nobel Peace Prize 2014, is awarded
jointly to Malala Yousafzai of Pakistan and Kailash Satyarthi of India, for
risking their lives to fight for children¿s rights. Malala was shot in the head
by a Taliban gunman two-years ago in Pakistan for insisting that girls have the
right to an education. (AP Photo/Rui Vieira)
Malala Yousafzai holds flowers after speaking during a media conference,
with father Ziauddin obscured behind centre and mother Tor Pekai, left, at the
Library of Birmingham, in Birmingham, England, Friday, Oct. 10, 2014, after she
was named as winner of The Nobel Peace Prize. The Nobel Peace Prize 2014, is
awarded jointly to Malala Yousafzai of Pakistan and Kailash Satyarthi of India,
for risking their lives to fight for children¿s rights. Malala was shot in the
head by a Taliban gunman two-years ago in Pakistan for insisting that girls have
the right to an education. (AP Photo/Rui Vieira)
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