英语语法：it用法(4)
九、作形式主语(一)、替代动词不定式
It is + adj. to do sth.
83. It is good to eat vegetables.
84. It is an honor to have been asked to speak at themeeting.
It is + adj. +for sb. to do sth.
注意：此结构中的形容词是描述事情的、说明句尾动词不定式特征的形容词。这些形容词主要有certain, clear, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, illegal, impossible, important, obvious, possible, polite, proper, right, unnecessary, unimportant, unlikely, useless, useful等。
85. She is such an eccentric woman that it is difficult for anyone to get on well with her.
86. It is a good custom for young people to give up their sets to old people in the busestrains, or subways.
It is + adj. + of + sb. to do sth.
注意：本句型中的形容词一般表示人(逻辑主语)的某种特性，要么是夸赞，要么是贬损。主要有brave, careful, careless, considerable, cruel, clever, foolish, good, grateful, generous, impolite, kind, nice, polite, rude, silly, stupid, thoughtful, unkind, wise, wrong,等。
87. It is kind of you to lend me so many books.
88. It is clever of you to solve so difficult a problem.
89. It is wise of you to refuse his offer.
90. It is remarkable of her to be always working like this.
It is a pity(for sb.) to do sth. 很遗憾做某事
91. It would be a pity to miss the opening ceremony.
92. It is a pity for you not to go to Paris with us.
It is a great relief (to sb.) to do sth. 做……是一大慰藉；……真叫人送了一口气
93. It is a great relief to have rain after a long time of drought.
94. It’s a great relief to me to know you are safe.
95. It’s a great relief to hear that she won the prize.
It is worth while to do sth. 做……是值得的
注意：本句型就相当于It pays to do sth.；worth while 不要写成worthwhile。
96. It is worth while to take a trip abroad.
97. It is worth while to learn English.
It’s best to do sth. 最好做某事 = To do sth. is best.
98. It’s best to set off tomorrow. 最好明天动身。 = To set off tomorrow is best.
99. It’s best to review the lessons one more time. = To review the lessons once more is best.
It’s better to do A than to do B = To do A is better than to do B.
100. It is better to borrow than to buy. = To borrow is better than to buy.
101. It’s better to stay at home than to go to the cinema. = To stay at home is better than togo to the cinema.
How is it possible to do sth.? ……这怎么可能？
102. How was it possible to fall down from the third floor without being hurt?
103. How is it possible for a girl of ten to fly an airplane?
It’s no use to do sth. 做……是没有用的
104. It’s no use to argue with him.
105. He doesn’t know the answer, so it is no use to ask him.
It takes (sb.) + 时间/条件 + to do sth. 某人花了多少时间做某事；做某事需要……(条件)
106. It takes me half an hour to walk from here to school.
107. How long does it take to fly Being to London?
108. It takes patience and hard work to master English.
It costs sb. some money to do sth. 某人花多少金钱做某事
109. It cost him a great deal of money to take the trip.
100. It cost me 2000 dollars to collect these stamps.
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想到做某事
111. It never occurred to me to take advantage of you. 我决没有想到过要占你便宜。(利用你)
It feels + adj. + to do sth.
112. It feels pleasant to talk with her. 同他谈话使人感到愉快。
113. It must feel strange to have a twin brother.
114. It feels unhappy to be with him.同他在一块让人感到不舒服。
115. It feels nice to take a walk in the evening. 晚间散散步感觉很好。
其它例句
116. It seems a pity not to have taken his advice.
117. It won’t hurt to postpone the party for a few weeks.
118. It did surprise me to hear you say so.
119. It gave great pleasure to have finished this work ahead of the dead line.
(二)、替代动名词
动名词可以直接位于句首作主语，但为了强调，或动名词过长时，要用it作形式主语置于句首，而把动名词放到句子最后。这也是英语尾部重压原则所要求的。
It is no good/use (in) doing sth. 做……是没用的；做……是白费力气的
= It is of no good/use doing sth.
= It is not any good/use doing sth.
120. It is no sue crying over spilt milk.覆水难收，悔恨无益。
121. It is no use trying to drown your sorrows in drink. 解酒浇愁无济于事。
122. It’s no good getting cross with him.和他生气没有用。
123. It’s no good reading without full understanding.
It’s exciting doing sth.
124. It’s exciting meeting you here.
It’s dangerous doing sth.
125. It’s dangerous playing with fire.
It’s foolish doing sth.
126. It’s foolish behaving like that.
It’s pleasant doing sth.
127. It’s pleasant lying in the sun.
It’s fun doing sth.
128. It’s fun being a magician.
It’s no use doing sth. 做……没有用
129. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
130. It’s no use regretting.
131. It’s no use you running away.
注意：
1. 辨析：It’s no use doing sth. & It’s no use to do sth.
132. It’s no use doing sth. 通常指比较一般的情况。
133. It’s no use to do sth.常指具体的情况，也就是指在某一特定的场合所发生的事情。
2. 类似句型
134. It’s useless to do sth.
135. It’s of no use to do sth.
It’s a nuisance doing sth. 做……很烦人。
136. It’s a nuisance having to do so much homework.
注意：这一结构中的动名词还可加one’s即物主代词来充当该动名词的逻辑主语。
137. It’s a waste of time your talking to him. It is just like casting pearls before swine.
138. It was great encouragement to us their coming to help.
139. It is useless doing that over and over again.
注意：辨析：It’s nice to do sth. & It’s nice doing sth.
140. It’s nice to do sth. 常用于见面或活动开始； It’s nice doing sth.则用于分手或活动结束。
141. It’s nice taking a walk in the evening.
142. It’s so nice sitting near a fire in winter.
143. It’s nice to meet you here.
144. It’s nice to have a talk with you. (说话开始)
145. It’s nice talking with you. （谈话之后）
It’s hard doing sth.做某事有困难
146. It’s hard learning English well.
It’s interesting doing sth.做某事有趣
147. It’s interesting going sight seeing.
It’s easy doing sth.做某事容易
148. It’s easy working out this problem.
(三)、替代主语从句
句型一：It + be + adj. + that从句
149. It is clear that she is a spy.
140. Is it true that you won the contest?
151. It is true that he didn’t tell the truth.
152. It is quite plain that Tom didn’t want to go there withus.
153. It is obvious that the driver couldn’t control his car .
句型二：It is + adj. + that (虚拟语气)
154. It is strange that such a rich man should be so stingy.
155. It is natural that such a hardworking student should pass the exam.这么用功的学生通过考试时很自然的事。
156. It is important that he should not do it. 他不该做那事是有必要的。
157. It isn’t surprise that Marry should marry him. 玛丽要同他结婚并不奇怪。
157. It is necessary that you should go to the doctor.
158. It is strange that we should meet here. 我们竟然在此相遇，真奇怪。
159. It is a pity that we should refuse to attend the meeting.
句型三：It + be + 名词或名词词组 + that从句
It is a pity that… ……真是遗憾
160. It is a pity that we have to leave tomorrow.
161. It is a pity that I can’t go to the theater with her tonight.
It is one’s belief that… 某人相信…...
162. It is her belief that he will succeed someday. 她相信总有一天他会成功。
163. It is our belief that every body is equal before the law.
164. It is my belief that it takes intelligence, diligence and persistence to succeed.
句型四：It + be + 过去分词 + that从句
It is regarded that …人们认为……
It is supposed that…人们猜测…；据推测…
It is said that… 据说……; 有人说……
It is pointed out that…有人指出……
It is proposed that… 有人提议……
It is reported that… j据报道……
It is stated that… 据称……；据说……
It is thought that…有人以为……；有人认为……
It is well known that…众所周知……
It is accepted that… 人们公认……
It is announced that… 据称……；有人宣称……
It is acknowledged that… 应该承认……
It has been shown that… 业已表明……
It has been proved that… 已经证明……
It believed that…有人相信……
It is declared that…据宣称……
It is described that… 据述……
It is considered that…有人认为……
It is observed that…可以看出……；据观察……
It is mentioned that…据说……；上文提到……
165. It is said the sports meeting will be called off.
166. It was later found that the report was false.
167. It is known that he is an honest man.
168. It is reported that Yao Ming got hurt while training.
169. It is known to all that smoking is bad for health.
170. It is said that he can speak six languages.
171.It is supposed that Tom will be our monitor next semester.
172. It must be pointed out that everything you’ve done will be answered for one day. (必须指出……)
173. It is believed that health is above wealth.
174. It was once generally believed that the earth was flat.
175. It is reported that the car accident took place on New Year ’s Eve.
176. It is reported that another bridge will be built here.
177. It is estimated that the damage was over one million dollars.
注意：当过去分词是suggested, ordered, demanded等表示命令，建议的动词时主语从句要用虚拟语气。
178. It is suggested that each student (should) tell a story.
179. It is ordered that the work (should) be finished by the end of this month.
句型五：It 替代wh-从句
180. It doesn’t matter to me what you say and do. 你说什么和做什么跟我毫无关系。
181. It is a mystery where David got the money
182. It has been decided when the match will be held.
183. It is very clear what he meant.
句型六：It + 动词 + that从句
It is just as well that… 做/没做……倒也不错
184. It is just as well that we arrived at the station in time. 还好我们及时抵达车站。
185. It’s just as well that you didn’t go out in the rain. 你下雨天没出去倒也是好事。
It follows that... 必然是……; ……那必然是真的
It doesn’t follow that… 未必……
注意：follow在此意为be necessarily true(必然是真的)
186. It follows that if you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你努力，你就会成功，那必然是真的。
187. From this evidence, it follows that he is not the murderer. 根据这一证据判断，他当然不是真凶。
188. Although she is poor, it doesn’t follow that she is dishonest. 虽然她穷，却未必不诚实。
It occurs to sb. that … 某人突然想起……
189. It occurred to him that he should go to see his girl friend.
It seems/appears (to sb.) that… (在某人看来)似乎……
190. It seems to my grandfather that my father is still a child.
191. It seems that the world is getting smaller and smaller.
It happens /chances that… 恰好……； 碰巧……
191. It happened that the harvest was bad in 1958.
192. It happened that Kate was out when I called her. (= Kate happened to be out when Icalled her.)
193. It chanced that I was busy doing my homework when he came.
It goes without saying that… 不用说……；……是显而易见的
194. It goes without saying that money can’t buy anything.
195. It goes without saying that home is the warmest place in the world.
It shocked sb. that… 使某人惊讶的是……
196. It shocked me that he couldn’t communicate with his mother.
其它句式
197. It is often the case that haste makes waste. 忙中出错是很常见的。
198. It is good news that you have beaten your rival and won the gold medal.
199. It is great pleasure that you were with me.
200. It is common knowledge that whale is not a fish.
(编辑：何莹莹）
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