英语语法入门:陈述句精讲+练习题
陈述句陈述句主要是用来陈述事实或观点,传递信息,提供情况。
陈述句又分为肯定的陈述句和否定的陈述句,简称为肯定句(The Affirmative Sentence)和否定句(The Negative
Sentence)两种。
陈述句在书写时句末有句号,而在朗读时则用降调。
例句:
China is the largest country in Asia.
中国是亚洲最大的国家。
I didn't tell him anything.
我什么也没有告诉他。
一、如何快速掌握感叹句?
学会分析五种基本句型的句子成分是快速掌握感叹句的关键,陈述句变感叹句实际上就是句子成分位置的移动。
例1 She is smiling sweetly.
→How sweetly she is smiling!(移动状语)
二、哪些句子成分可能会移动位置?
通过对句子成分的分析我们就可以确定哪个句子成分需要挪动位置,一般说来含有形容词的名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语需要变动位置。位置可能会变动的句子成分:宾语、表语和状语。
例2 Mr Turner told us a funny story.
→What a funny story Mr Turner told us!(移动宾语含有形容词的名词短语)
三、如何确定使用what还是使用how?
当我们做句型变换或选择题时需要自己确定到底是用what还是用how,一般可以这样来确定:位于主语之前的是名词短语时用what,是形容词或副词短语时用how。但这种格式例外:
how + adj. + a/ an + N
例3 What a cool bike you are riding!(a cool bike 名词短语)
例4 How fast he is riding!(fast 副词)
例5 How cool a bike you are riding!(how + adj. + a/ an +N)
四、如何判断是否使用冠词、使用什么样的冠词?
名词的复数形式和不可数名词之前不使用冠词,以元音音素开头的词语之前用an,以辅音音素开头的词语之前用a。
例6 What beautiful sunshine it is today!(sunshine 不可数名词)
例7 What a useful book this is!(useful 以辅音音素开头)
例8 What an old house that is!(old 以元音音素开头)
五、感叹句有哪几种格式?
简单地说是“两型七式”:两种句型是以what开头的句型和以how开头的句型,七种格式是
① what + a + adj. + N+ S +V
② what + an + adj. +N +S +V
③ what + adj. + N(不可数) + S +V
④ what + adj. + N(可数名词复数形式)+ S+V
⑤ how + adj.+ S +V
⑥ how + adv. + S + V
⑦ how + adj. + a/ an + N + S+V
例 What exciting news it is!(what + adj. + N(可数名词复数形式)+ S + V结构)
例9 What good teachers they are!(what + adj. + N(可数名词复数形式)+ S+V结构)
例10 How warmly they are discussing!(how + adv. + S + V结构)
例11 How beautiful a picture it is!(how + adj. + a/ an + N + S + V 结构)
六、以what开头的句型和以how开头的句型怎样进行转换?
这两种句型之间的转换主要是指以下两种情况而言的:
1.含有“a/ an + adj. + N ”结构的句子方法是把形容词单独抽出来放在名词短语的前面和how搭配使用。
2.名词短语作主语而表语是形容词的句子方法是把主语当作“a/ an + adj. + N”结构的中心名词而用人称代词充当主语。
例12 What an expensive glass he broke! →How expensive a glass he broke!
例13 How beautiful the birds are! →what beautiful birds they are!
(说明:N代表名词,未特别说明者代表可数名词的单数形式,S代表主语,V代表动词)
七、在感叹句中哪些词语常常省略?
常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词be。
例14 What a naughty boy!(省略了he is)
八、有什么巧妙的办法记住这些规律吗?
以上的解释说明似乎很复杂,其实理清了思路、抓住了要领、掌握了规律并不是那么难的。为了便于同学们记忆我把以上规律编成了一段顺口溜,请同学们对照阅读。
陈述句述事实,感叹句表感情。
陈述变成感叹句,主谓系表先分清。
宾语状语移句首,表语亦须打头阵。
名词之前用what,形副之前how先行。
复数名词无冠词,事先分析莫轻心。
如果名词不可数,摒弃a, an不留情。
冠词a, an要分明,清音辅音是标准。
句子结构要完整,标点符号亦变更。
总结规律进步快,编个歌诀给你听。
1. be动词的否定式
be 动词根据不同的人称和时态有不同的形式,在一般现在时中是am , is ,
are可用作联系动词,构成否定式时,一律在其后面加否定词not.
He is reading. --- He is not reading. They are from China. --- They are not
from China.
2. 情态动词的否定式
情态动词的否定式是在其后面直接加not. 如:
I can swim. --- I can’t swim. He can dance. --- He can’t dance. You should
go to school at seven. --- You shouldn’t go to school at seven.
3. 实义动词的否定句
实义动词变否定句时,要借助助动词do , does,在一般现在时中用do或者does其句子结构为:主语+ don’t / doesn’t +
动词原形+其它 例如:
I like pop music. --- I don’t like pop music. He likes running. --- He
doesn’t like running.
She does her homework at home. --- She doesn’t do her homework at home
将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后(that也可省略)。如:“I don’t love her.” he says.
他说。如:“我不爱她。”→He says that he doesn’t love her. 他说他不爱她。
注意:
若引述动词用的是say to sb,则通常改为tell sb。如:“It’s a secret.” he said to me.
他对我说。如:“这是秘密。”→He told me that it was a secret.
他对我说那是秘密。(2)若直接引语是两个并列的陈述句,要注意在第二个宾语从句前加连词that。如:He says, “I like singing and I
want to be a singer.” 他说。如:“我喜欢唱歌,我想当歌手。”→He says that he likes singing and that
he wanted to be a singer. 他说他喜欢唱歌,想当歌手。
在此种情况下,引导第一个宾语从句的that有时可以省略,但引导第二个宾语从句的that通常不省略,以免误解。
一、将下列句子变为否定句,每空一词。
This is a desk.
This ________ a desk.
Grandpa tells stories to us every evening.
Grandpa ________ ________ stories to us every evening. He can draw
pictures.
He _______ draw pictures. He has a nice watch.
He _______ _______ a nice watch. They do a lot of homework at school.
They ________ ________ a lot of homework at school. You must play football
here.
You ________ play football here. They are having an English class.
They _________ _________ an English class. Peter goes to the zoo once a
year.
Peter _________ _________ to the zoo once a year.
二、下面各句四处划线部分有一处是错误的,请指出并改正。
He doesn’t the homework every day. ( ) A B C D
He doesn’t have some rice for supper. ( ) A B C D
3. This coat are red. That coat is blue. ( ) A B C D
4. He don’t go to school yesterday. ( ) A B C D
三、连词成句。
1. playing , like , I , football
_______________________________________________________
2.aren’t , any , wall , the , pictures , there , on
_______________________________________________________
3.waiting , bus , for , the , we , are
_______________________________________________________
4.much , the , how , shirt , is
_______________________________________________________
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