2017年12月六级语法:sure与certain的用法与区别
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一、两者在用法上的相同点
两者都可用作表语,表示“一定”或“确信”,有时可互换。互换的场合应注意以下几点用法:
1. 表示说话者的态度或看法
即表示说话者自己的态度或看法,其意为“一定会”“肯定会”。此时主要用法有:
(1) 单独用作表语。如:
One thing was sure : they'd be late. 有一件事是确定无疑的,他们会迟到。
(2) 后接不定式。如:
He's certain to win. 他一定会成功。
They're certain to need help. 他们肯定需要帮助。
If you do this, you are certain to be found out. 如果你这样做一定会被发现。
2. 表示句子主语的判断或信念
即表示句子主语对某一情况的判断或信念,其意为“相信”“确信”“有把握”等。此时通常用于以下结构:
(1) 后接of sth。如:
He is certain of success. 他确信会成功。
Are you certain of that? 你对此有把握吗?
(2) 后接 of doing sth。如:
Our team is certain of winning. 我们队有把握赢。
You can be sure of his agreeing. 你可以放心他会同意。
比较同义句:
He is certain of winning.
=He is sure that he will win. 他自信会赢。
(3) 后接 that / whether / if 从句。如:
I am sure that he is honest. 我肯定他是诚实的。
I'm sure that it's not your fault. 我敢肯定这不是你的错。
Are you certain that this is the right road? 你肯定这条路对吗?
注:当be sure 为肯定式或疑问式时,后接that从句;当be sure 为否定式时,后接whether
从句。如:
I'm not sure whether he still works there. 我不能肯定他是否还在那里工作。
I wasn't sure whether he would agree. 我不太肯定他是否会同意。
He wasn't sure whether he would be able to get back in time.
他不能肯定他是否能准时回来。
(4) 后接其他从句。如:
I'm not sure where she lives. 我不能肯定她住在哪里。
I'm not certain who wrote it. 我不太清楚这是谁写的。
二、只能用certain的情形
以下情况通常只用certain,而不用sure:
1. 当句中用了形式主语或形式宾语 it 时。如:
It's certain that he'll come tomorrow. 他明天肯定会来。
I thought it certain that he would be late. 我肯定他会迟到。
It's certain that prices will go up. 价格肯定会上涨。
It's not certain how much it will cost. 这要花多少钱还不确定。
2. 当表示“某一”“某些”时。如:
A certain Mr Green wants to see you. 有个叫格林先生的人想见你。
Certain plants are good to eat but others are not. 有些植物好吃, 而其他一些则不好吃。
三、只能用sure的情形
在 Be sure (not) to do sth.(一定要或不要做某事)这类祈使句中通常不用 certain。如:
Be sure not to forget it. 千万别忘记啦。
Be sure to get there before nine. 务必在九点前到达。
Be sure to turn off the light when leave. 离开时一定要关灯。
四、两者在习语中的用法
1. 用于 for certain / for sure, 意为“肯定地”“确切地”等,两者可互换。如:
I can't say for certain when he will come. 我不敢肯定地说他什么时候来。
No one knows for sure what happened to her. 没有人确切地知道她出了什么事。
2. 用于 make certain / make sure,意为“弄清楚”“弄得有把握”,两者可互换。如:
They made certain (that) they weren't late. 他们有把握不迟到。
I think there's a train at 10:40, but you'd better make certain of
it. 我想10:40有趟火车,但你最好去核实一下。
2017年12月大学英语六级语法用法辨析汇总
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