当一名工程师应具备哪些技能？附实例讲解
Engineering is one of the fastest growing and most exciting fields today, offering new college graduates significant earning potential, job stability, and plenty of personal satisfaction. There are many different jobs available for engineers. Not everyone can be an engineer, however. The demands in terms of skills and knowledge are intense.工程学是目前发展最快并且最让人兴奋的领域，它能给大学毕业生提供很好的潜在收入、工作稳定性，以及丰富的个人满足感。有很多不同种类的工作都适合工程师，但不是所有人都能成为工程师，它对技能和知识方面的要求是很高的。
Most aspiring engineers will need at least a bachelor’s degree, more probably a master’s degree, from an engineering school.许多有志向的工程师都需要至少拿到本科学历，更多的是工科学校的硕士学位。
Besides the proper educational background and relevant technical experience, you will need to demonstrate many so-called “soft” skills in order to get and keep a good job.除了合适的教育背景以及相关的技术经历，为了得到一份好工作，你需要证明很多“软”实力。
Soft skills are those that involve interpersonal matters, such as leadership and communication. They complement “hard” skills, such as computer modeling or a working knowledge of chemistry, that are specific to your branch of engineering and are technical in nature.软实力包括了人际关系，比如领导力和沟通能力。它们是“硬”实力的补充，比如计算机建模或是化学应用知识，这些是工程分支的具体事项，本质上都是技术问题。
How to Use Skills Lists如何使用技能
There are several different branches of engineering, each with very distinct technical skill sets. Even within a given field, specific job requirements vary a lot between positions. Be sure to read job descriptions carefully and to emphasize your applicable skills in your resume, cover letter, and interview. The soft, or social skills will vary less from job to job, and may or may not be mentioned in the job description, but are no less critical to your success in the field.工程学有一些分支，每一个都有独特的技能要求。即使在一个特定领域，不同的工作岗位也需要不同的工作要求。认真理解工作需求，在简历、求职信和面试中着重强调你的技能。软实力或是社交技巧在不同工作中的需求不同，可能不会在岗位要求中被提及，但想在某个领域里取得成功这些也是很关键的。
Use this information as a guide to discover what you need to brush up on and what you may need to discuss in your interview. Remember to have ready specific example of how you embody each skill you want to highlight.把这个信息当做指南，去发现在面试中什么是要一带而过的，什么是需要讨论的。记得准备好能体现出你想展示的技能的具体事例。
Top 7 Skills for an Engineer工程师具备的七个顶尖技能
Creative Thinking创造性思维
Engineering is fundamentally about solving problems, and that means finding new ways to apply existing knowledge—a truly creative process.工程学本质上是解决问题的学科，也就是说找到新方法去学习现有知识——真正创造性的过程。
You may, in fact, be attracted by engineering because of its creative element. On the other hand, if you don’t think of yourself as the creative type, you can practice thinking outside the box through unrestricted brain-storming, day-dreaming, and play.事实上，你可能因为工程学的创造性元素而被其吸引。另一方面，如果你不觉得自己富有创造性，你可以通过头脑风暴、日常冥想以及实践来练习发散思维。
Computer Modeling计算机建模
Computer modeling is the creation and use of computer models to run simulations of complex systems. While modeling is not unique to engineering, it has become a critical component of many types of engineering. Computer models can be used to predict anything from how quickly a planned stadium might be evacuated in an emergency to how a power plant might behave if a critical component fails. Not all engineers need the programming expertise to build models, but you do need to understand how models work so you know what kinds of problems can be simulated and what the simulations mean for your project.计算机建模是计算机模型的产物，进行复杂系统的模拟运行。建模并不单属于工程学，它成为很多类型工程学的核心元素。计算机建模可以被用来预测在紧急状况下一个体育场可以多快的进行疏散，如果关键元素失效，动力装置将会如何应对。不是所有的工程师都需要编程的专业知识去建立模型，但你确实需要理解模型是如何工作的，这样你可以知道什么样的问题可以被模拟，以及模拟对于你的项目来说意味着什么。
Attention to Detail注意细节
Projects in engineering are extraordinarily complex and involve dozens, if not hundreds, of people. A small mistake at any point during planning, development, or construction can result in failure. A failed project not only loses money, it could also injure or even kill people.工程学项目是非常复杂的，牵扯到上百人。在企划、开发或是建设中，任何一个节点的小错误都会导致失败。一个失败的项目不止亏钱，还有可能会伤害人甚至杀害人。
Higher Mathematics高等数学
Gone are the days of calculating by hand and with slide rules, but the existence of computers does not free you from the need to understand math.手算和用计算尺进行计算的日子远去了，但计算机的存在让你依然有对数学的需要。
In fact, since computers can only follow instructions, engineers must first discover how to solve numeric problems on their own before they can tell a computer what to do.事实上，因为计算机只能遵从说明，工程师必须首先发现自身如何解决数字问题，之后才能告诉计算机如何去做。
Communication Skills沟通技能
Engineering is very technical and relies on concise and accurate communication among colleagues. But you will also have to communicate with people outside of the field, such as clients and sometimes the general public, who do not have technical background. It's important that you are able to translate your knowledge into terms they can understand.工程学技术性很强，依赖于同事之间简洁和精确的沟通。但你同样需要与其他领域的人进行沟通，比如客户，有时候还有普通人群，这些人没有技术背景。把你的知识转化为他们能够理解的内容是非常重要的。
Leadership领导能力
Engineers are typically known for their technical abilities, but leadership and management skills are just as important. While managing projects, you need to learn how to delegate tasks, organize large teams of people, and coordinate many complex processes.工程师通常因为他们的专业能力被熟知，但领导力和管理技巧也同样重要。当管理项目时，你要知道如何分配任务，组织团队成员，以及协调许多复杂程序。
As your career progresses, you will likely become responsible for managing and motivating other engineers as well.在你的职业发展中，你可能也会负责管理和激励其他工程师。
Teamwork团队合作
Engineers almost never work alone; you will work with a wide range of employees, both fellow engineers and people outside your department, to bring your projects to fruition. You need to be able to work collaboratively with different types of people at every level, applying skills as varied as verbal communication and appropriate body language to goal-setting and prioritizing problems. You need the character and integrity that will induce other people to trust you and rely on you as you all work together.工程师几乎从不独自工作，你会和很多职员一起工作，既有工程师也有别的部门的同事，一起完成项目。你需要与每个阶层不同类型的人协同工作，运用口头沟通以及合适的肢体语言技能来完成目标，优先解决问题。你需要正直的性格，让其他人相信你、依靠你，共同工作。
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