2011年6月六级全真预测试卷第三套：快速阅读
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Freud’s Study on “Human Mind”
Most people often dream at night. When they wake in the morning they say to themselves, “What a strange dream I had! I wonder what made me dream that.”Sometimes dreams are frightening. Sometimes, in dreams, wishes come true. At other times we are troubled by strange dreams in which the world seems to have been turned upside-down and nothing makes sense.
In dreams we do things which we would never do when we're awake. We think and say things we would never think and say. Why are dreams so strange and unfamiliar? Where do dreams come from?
No one has produced a more satisfying answer than a man called Sigmund Freud. He said that dreams come from a part of one's mind which one can neither recognize nor control. He named this the “unconscious mind” .
Sigmund Freud was born about a hundred years ago. He lived most of his life in Vienna, Austria, but ended his days in London, soon after the beginning of the Second World War.The new worlds Freud explored were inside man himself. For the unconscious mind is like a deep well, full of memories and feelings. These memories and feelings have been stored there from the moment of our birth. Our conscious mind has forgotten them. We do not suspect that they are there until some unhappy or unusual experience causes us to remember, or to dream dreams. Then suddenly we see the same thing and feel the same way we felt when we were little children.
This discovery of Freud's is very important if we wish to understand why people act as they do. For the unconscious forces inside us are at least as powerful as the conscious forces we know about. Sometimes we do things without knowing why. If we don't, the reasons may lie deep in our unconscious minds.
When Freud was a child he cared about the sufferings of others, so it isn't surprising that he became a doctor when he grew up. He learned all about the way in which the human body works. But he became more and more curious about the human mind. He went to Paris to study with a famous French doctor, Charcot. At that time it seemed that no one knew very much about the mind. If a person went mad, or “out of his mind”, there was not much that could be done about it. People didn't understand at all what was happening to the madman. Had he been possessed by a devil or evil spirit? Was God punishing him for wrong-doing? Often such people were shut away from the ordinary people as if they had done some terrible crime.
This is still true today in many places. Doctors prefer to experiment on those parts of a man which they can see and examine. If you cut a man's head open you can see his brain. But you can't see his thoughts or ideas or dreams.
In Freud's day few doctors were interested in these subjects. Freud wanted to know how our minds work. He learned a lot from Charcot. He returned to Vienna in 1886 and began work as a doctor in nerve diseases. He got married and began to receive more and more patients at home. Most of the patients who came to see him were women. They were over-excited and anxious, sick in mind rather than in body. Medicine did not help them. Freud was full of sympathy but he could do little to make them better.
Then one day a friend, Dr Josef Breuer, came to see him. He told Freud about a girl he was looking after. The girl seemed to get better when she was allowed to talk about herself. She told Dr Breuer everything that came into her mind. And each time she talked to him she remembered more about her life as a little child. Freud was excited when he heard this. He began to try to cure his patients in the same way. He asked about the events of their early childhood. He urged them to talk about their own experiences and relationships. He himself said very little. Often, as he listened, his patients relived moments from their past life. They trembled with anger and fear, hate and love. They acted as though Freud was their father or mother or lover.The doctor did not make any attempt to stop them. He quietly accepted whatever they told him, the good things and the bad. Also one young woman who came to him couldn't drink anything, although she was very thirsty. Something prevented her from drinking.Freud discovered the reason for this. One day, as they were talking, the girl remembered having seen a dog drink from her nurse's glass. She hadn't told the nurse, whom she disliked. She had forgotten the whole experience. But suddenly this childhood memory returned to mind. When she had told it all to Dr Freud—the nurse, the dog, the glass of water —the girl was able to drink again.
Freud called this treatment the ‘talking cure’. Later it was called psychoanalysis. When patients talked freely about the things that were troubling them they often felt better.
The things that patients told him sometimes gave Freud a shock. He discovered that the feelings of very young children are not so different from those of their parents. A small boy may love his mother so much that he wants to kill his father. At the same time he loves his father and is deeply ashamed of this wish. It is difficult to live with such mixed feelings, so they fade away into the unconscious mind and only return in troubled dreams.It was hard to believe that people could become blind, or lose the power of speech, because of what had happened to them when they were children.
Freud was attacked from all sides for what he discovered. But he also found firm friends. Many people believed that he had at last found a way to unlock the secrets of the human mind, and to help people who were very miserable. He had found the answer to many of life's great questions.He became famous all over the world and taught others to use the talking cure. His influence on modern art, literature and science cannot be measured. People who wrote books and plays, people who painted pictures and people who worked in schools, hospitals and prisons all learned something from the great man who discovered a way into the unconscious mind.Not all of Freud's ideas are accepted today. But others have followed where he led and have helped us to understand ourselves better. Because of him, and them, there is more hope today than there has ever been before for people who were once just called “crazy”.
1. So far, Freud is the only one who can ______________.
A) study human’s thoughts, ideas and dreams
B) provide us the most satisfying reply to where dreams come from
C) tell us the reason why we will dream at night
D) offer us some help in mental problems
2. Freud _____________________.
A) spent most of his life in Vienna as well as London
B) ended his life after World War II
C) spend most of his life in Vienna, Austria
D) passed away in Austria before the World War Ⅱ
3. When Freud was a grown-up, ___________________.
A) he was more interested in human mind than the way the human body works
B) he focused his study on the human mind instead of human body
C) he shifted his attention to the study of psychology
D) he was most interested in the study of how human body works
4. In Freud’s day, _________________.
A) a number of doctors concentrated on the human’s dreams
B) a lot of students admired Freud’s study very much
C) no doctor would like to work with Freud together
D) no doctors were interested in human’s ideas, thoughts or dreams
5. According to the passage, Dr Josef Breuer ________________.
A) gave Freud some help in Freud’s study
B) was one of the workmates of Freud
C) was a doctor who specialized in the study of human body
D) offtered some advice in Freud’s study
6. According to the passage, psychoanalysis was a process ________________.
A) in which patients would not participate
B) in which patients must say something great they encountered before
C) in which patients could do what they like to do
D) in which patients could speak out his bad fortune freely in order to make themselves reassured
7. Freud found with a shock that ________________.
A) young children and their parents couldn’t stay together for a long time
B) yong children were always obedient to their parents
C) young children were not so different from their parents in feelings
D) young children and his parents differed largely in feelings
8. Although much attack pointed to Freud, it was also thought by many people that Freud had a way to uncover the secrets of __________and to help miserable people.
9. According to the passage, it is hardly to measure Freud’s influence on modern art, ___ __ _______.
10. According to the passage, at present Freud’s study brings a lot of hope to people once called “______.”
2011年6月六级全真预测试卷第三套：快速阅读 摘自《2011大学英语六级考试全真预测卷》
Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)
原文精译
弗洛伊德关于“人类心理”的研究
(1)大部分人晚上经常做梦。早上醒来时，他们自言自语，“多奇怪的梦啊!我怎么会做这样的梦”。有时候，梦很恐怖;有时候，在梦中愿望可以成真。还有时候，我们因奇怪的梦而困扰，在梦中世界似乎颠倒了，任何东西都没有意义。
(2)梦中我们所做的事情，在清醒时肯定不会做;我们所想所说的，清醒时从不敢想、不敢说。梦为什么这么奇怪和陌生?梦从何处来?
(3)【1】没有人的答案比Sigmund Freud给出的更让人满意。他认为，梦源于人的心灵，人没有办法认识或控制它。他把这个称作“无意识心理”。
(4)【2】Sigmund Freud出生在一百多年前，他一生中大部分的时间生活在奥地利的维也纳，但二战后不久，在伦敦终老。Freud探索了一个新的世界——人类内心世界。无意识心理就像一口深井，充满了记忆和情感。从我们出生的那一刻起就储存在那里。我们的“有意识心理”把它们给遗忘了。直到不愉快、不平凡的经历使我们去回忆，或做梦的时候，我们才意识到它们就在那里。突然之间，我们看到了童年时看到的东西，拥有了和童年时代一样的感受。
(5)要想探究人们某种行为的原因，Freud的发现非常重要。我们内心深处无意识的力量，和我们知道的意识的力量，至少要一样强大。有时候，我们不知道为什么就做了某事。而不知道的原因可能就深埋在无意识心理当中。
(6)Freud小时候，很关注他人经历的痛苦;因此长大后他成为医生毫并不奇怪。【3】他了解了人体的运行机制，但是，他越来越关注的是人类心理。他前赴巴黎留学，师从法国著名医生Charcot。那个时代似乎没有人了解心理。如果一个人疯了，或“发狂了”，基本上无法可治。人们不理解发生在他们身上的事情。他们是不是被恶魔或邪恶的灵魂附了体?是不是做错了事，上帝在惩罚他们?这样的人往往被与普通人隔离开来，仿佛他们犯了大罪。
(7)很多地方直到今天仍然是这样。医生更喜欢研究他们能看到、能实验的人体部位。【4】打开一个人的头颅，你可以看到他的脑子，但看不到他的想法、意见或梦境。
(8)【4】在Freud那个时代，基本没有医生对这些话题感兴趣。Freud想知道人的心理是如何活动的。他从Chorcot那里学成后，1886年回到维也纳，成为一名神经科医生。他结了婚，在家里治疗越来越多的病人。大部分病人是女士。她们过于激动或焦虑，心理方面而非身体上患有疾病，吃药是不管用的。Freud很同情他们，却爱莫能助。
(9)【5】有一天，Freud的朋友Josef Breuer医生来看他，并和他讲到了自己照顾的一个小姑娘。每次当他允许小姑娘讨论自己的事情时，她看起来就会好一点。她告诉Josef Breuer医生映入脑海的所有事情。每谈一次，她就能记起更多小时候的事。听到此，Freud很激动。他开始用同样的方法治疗自己的病人。他询问病人孩提时代的事情，鼓励病人讲述自己的经历和人际关系。他自己说的很少。在他倾听时，病人经常会重现过去的生活瞬间。他们会因愤怒害怕，或爱恨情仇而颤抖。他们仿佛把Freud当成自己的父亲、母亲或情人。Freud从不试图阻止他们，他安静地接受病人所讲的一切，不管是好事还是坏事。来看病的有一位年轻女士，她尽管很渴却无法喝水。是某些原因阻止了她喝水的能力。Freud发现了其中的原因。一天，他们交流时，这位女士记起，她看到一只狗从护士的杯子里喝水，她并没告诉这个她不喜欢的护士。后来她完全忘记了这个经历。突然，儿时的记忆重回脑海。当她把整个故事——护士、狗、那杯水——讲给Freud 听时， 这位女士又可以喝水了。
(10)【6】Freud把这种治疗方法叫做“谈心疗法”，后来称作心理分析。当病人畅所欲言让他们困扰的事情时，他们通常会感觉好一些。
(11)【10】有时候，病人讲的故事会让Freud大吃一惊。他发现，小孩的感情和父母的感情没有多少不一样。一个小男孩可能很爱自己的母亲，以至于想杀掉父亲;同时他也爱自己的父亲，并为自己的这个念头感到羞愧。带着如此复杂的感情生活是很困难的，所以这些情感都隐退到无意识的心理状态，只在困扰的梦境中才重现。很难相信，由于儿时的经历，人们可能会变瞎，或失去语言能力。
(12)Freud因自己的发现而受到各方的攻击，但也找到了真正的朋友。【8】很多人相信，至少他找到了打开人类心理的一把钥匙，来帮助痛苦中的人们。他找到了很多人生难题的答案。他举世闻名，给他人传授“谈心疗法”。【9】无法估计他对现代艺术、文学和科学的影响也是无法估量的。作家、剧作家、画家，在学校、医院、监狱工作的人们，都从这个伟人身上学到了一些东西，是他发现了进入人们无意识心理的方法。现在，并不是所有Freud的观点都被接受。但是，有些人跟随他的方向，来帮助人们更好的了解自我。【10】对于那些曾被叫做“疯子”的人们来讲，因为有了Freud以及这些继承者，如今便有了前所未有的希望。
1. 答案B
解析：根据题干，考生可锁定文章的第三段。段首讲，关于解梦，没有人比Sigmund Freud给出的答案让人更满意。
2. 答案C
解析：根据选项的内容，考生可锁定文章的第四段。第四段一开始就讲到Sigmund Freud的生平。选项B是个干扰性，文中只说到end his days(终老)，并没有说end his life(自杀)。
3. 答案A
解析：根据题干，考生可关注文章的第六段。第六段中讲：他了解人身体如何运行，却越来越关注人类心理。从中可以判断，他对人类心理更感兴趣。
4. 答案D
解析：根据题干，考生可锁定文章的第八段。段首讲，那个年代，基本上没有医生对这个话题感兴趣。考生可回到第七段，确定“这个话题”指代的是“想法、意见和梦境”。
5. 答案A
解析：根据题干中的人名Dr Josef Breuer ，考生可锁定文章的第九段。 Josef Breuer医生 给Freud讲了自己一个病人的故事，这给Freud带来了灵感。由此可以判断，在Freud学说中，Josef Breuer医生 提供了一些帮助。
6. 答案D
解析：根据题干，考生可锁定文章的第十段。此段主要讲了什么是心理分析，也就是所谓的“谈心疗法”，即病人可以自由地讨论自己遇到的困扰。
7. 答案C
解析：根据题干，考生可锁定文章的第十一段。段中的原话为，He discovered that the feelings of very young children are not so different from those of their parents，而选项C是其同义句。
8. 答案the human mind
解析：根据题干，考生可锁定文章的第十二段。很多人肯定，Freud找到了打开人类心理的一把钥匙。
9. 答案literature and science
解析：根据题干，考生可锁定文章的第十二段。Freud在很多方面都带来了深刻的影响，如现代艺术，文学和科学等。
10. 答案crazy
解析：根据题干，考生可锁定文章的第十二段。此段的最后一句话讲到，那些人曾被叫做“crazy”。
2011年6月六级全真预测试卷第三套：快速阅读 摘自《2011大学英语六级考试全真预测卷》
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