2017年6月英语四级阅读训练题139
距离2017年5月英语四六级口语考试还有一周的时间，不知道各位考生是不是已经准考好了呢？文都四六级小编提醒各位考生：英语四级考试中四级阅读所占比重为百分之三十五，阅读训练的重要性不言而喻，然而四级阅读技巧也是一门学问。来看看文都四六级小编为各位整理的英语四级阅读训练题(139)，请各位考生及时练习。Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive(认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺激) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for __8__ achievement ends uPwith uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and __9__ failing grades.
In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows __10__ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
mental
promise
kill
avoid
hope
especially
aid
ordinary
approval
monetary
generally
improve
challenging
restore
excellent
【答案解析】
1.L
2.I
3.F
4.J
5.G
6.M
7.C
8.H
9.N
10.B
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