2017年6月大学英语四级词汇前缀：ex-,e-,ef-,ec-
前缀ex-是很重要的前缀，它来源于拉丁介词ex,意为out或outof，即表示“向外”、“分离”的倾向。作为原生词缀与拉丁介词根结合时，ex-有两个异体e-和ef-。其中，ex-用在元音字母和c,h,p,q,s,t前面;ef-只出现在f之前;e-则可以出现在b,d,g,j,l,m,n,r,v等之前。值得注意的是，ex-又可以作为派生前缀，与表示身份或职业的名词相结合，表示former
(以前的，前任的)的意思。这时ex-没有异体，而且往往要带连字符。
下面重点看一下ex-的主要意思“out”。
1.在外边，向外
expressly, elucidate, expedite
2.向上，伸展地
elated, extol, elongate
3.尽，没有了地，火灭了地
extinct, effete
4.挑选，捏出，拔出
emend, effigy
5.去除，摆脱，使分离
expurgate, exorbitant, extenuate
6.彻底地，完全地，到最终，到最后，大声地，听得见地
extant, edict
7.表强调[非常，用力]
exalt, efficacious, exhort
另外，前缀ex-还会出现辅音字母同化和辅音字母脱落等变形现象。
1.E(在辅音字母b，d，g.j.I，m,n，r，v之前]
ebullition, editorial, egregious, ejection, eligible, emanate, enervate,
eradicate,evacuation
2.EF(在辅音字母f之前]
efficiency, effeminate
3、EC(在辅音字母c，l，s，t，z之前]
eccentric, eclectic, ecstasy, appendectomy, eczema
4.ES(在辅音字母c之前]
escort, escapism
5.EX(ex之后的辅音字母s脱落]
ex( s)piration, ex(s)tirpate, ex(s)istence
此外，前缀ex-还有一些同义前缀out-,extra-,exter,extro，它们也有“在外边(out)”的含义。
例词：
1.emit [(e
vt. give off.send or send out; signal; issue paper money.etc.
散发光、热、声音、味道等，发出，发射;发出信号;发行纸币等
emission 发射;纸币发行 emissary 使者，密使
ex) Smoke detectors emit a waming sound when the battery is low.
当电池电量低时，烟雾报警器会发出警告声。
2.enumerate [(e
vt. count a list of articles naming them one by one 逐一清点，列举
enumeration 逐一清点，列举;细目，目录，一览表
ex) The teacher enumerated the pupil’s mistakes before punishing him
老师在惩罚那个学生之前先逐一列举了他所犯的错。
3.evoke [(e
vt. call forth or summon a spirit, etc; draw forth or elicit a particular
mental image reaction, etc. 招出灵魂等;引起，唤起 evocation 唤出，唤起
evocative 唤出的，唤起的
ex) That song evokes pleasant high school memories for me.
那首歌唤起了我中学时的美好回忆。
4.exalt [(ex( =out, intensive) +alt( =high)使上得非常高]
vt. make higher in status, power, dignity, honor, wealth, etc., praise
highly; lift
someone up 提高或提升地位、权力、品位、名誉、财膏等;赞扬;使喜悦，使得意洋洋 exaltation 提高，晋升;赞扬;得意洋洋
exalted 有品位的，高贵的
ex)Vice Presidents are sometimes suddenly exalted to the Presidency by
assassinations. 副总统偶尔会因暗杀事件而突然晋升为总统。
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5.expend [(ex( =out) +pend( =pay，weigh)支付以使某物完尽、没有了]
vt. sth+on+sth spend; use up 使用，消费;消耗，用光 expenditure 支出，经费
expense费用，支出;牺牲 expensive 昂贵的 expendable可花费的
ex) About 28% of the library’s annual budget is expended on new
acquisitions.
那家图书馆年预算中的28%左右都用来购置新书。
6.expressly [(ex (=out) +press (=press)下压挤出外边]
adv.definitely, plainly; specially,on purpose 明白地，清楚地;特别地，故意地
express 表达，表示;快递;明白的，明示的;快递的，快速的;快车，快件;捷运公司 expression 表达;措辞;表情
expressionism 表现主义 expressive 表现的，显示的 expressionless 无表情的，无表达的
ex) The web site was oxpreuly created to support recently widowed
women.
那家网站是为支持那些近来失去丈夫的女性们特别创建的。
7.extinc [(ex( =out) +tinct
adj. no longer in existence, having died out;no longer buming, no longer
active不再存在的;消亡了的，绝种的(灭绝的);(火)熄灭的，不再活跃的
extinction 消灭，绝种;(火)熄灭，废止 extinguisher 灭火器 extinguish 熄灭(火),使消灭
ex) Hundreds of insect species become extinct each year.
每年都有数百种昆虫灭绝。
8.extort [(ex( =out) +tort( =twist)扭曲使出来]
vt. sth+from+sb obtain money, etc. from someone by threats, force, etc;
exact;wrest 敲诈钱财等;强求约定、坦白等;强取，抢夺 extortion 强求，抢夺，官员的勒索钱财罪 extortionate
价格过于昂贵的，要求过高的
ex) The Mafioso extorted money from an old widow to pay her husband’s
debt.
那个黑手党成员从一个老寡妇那里敲诈钱替她丈夫还了债。
9.eject [(e
vt. compel somebody to leave a place; send out liquid, etc. 撵出，驱逐;喷射液体等，排出
ejection 撵出，排 ecjector 驱逐者，排出器
ex) After committing 5 fouls,a basketball player is electod from the
game.
篮球选手犯规五次就要被罚下赛场。
10. elongate [(e
v. make or become long in space 使伸长，拉长，变长 elongation 伸长，延长
ex) Pull on soft water taffy to elongate it as it cools.
当软水太妃糖冷却的时候用力拉它可使它变长。
此外，前缀ex-还有一些同义前缀out-,extra-,exter,extro，它们也有“在外边(out)”的含义。
1.emit [(e
vt. give off.send or send out; signal; issue paper money.etc.
散发光、热、声音、味道等，发出，发射;发出信号;发行纸币等
emission 发射;纸币发行 emissary 使者，密使
ex) Smoke detectors emit a waming sound when the battery is low.
当电池电量低时，烟雾报警器会发出警告声。
2.enumerate [(e
vt. count a list of articles naming them one by one 逐一清点，列举
enumeration 逐一清点，列举;细目，目录，一览表
ex) The teacher enumerated the pupil’s mistakes before punishing him
老师在惩罚那个学生之前先逐一列举了他所犯的错。
3.evoke [(e
vt. call forth or summon a spirit, etc; draw forth or elicit a particular
mental image reaction, etc. 招出灵魂等;引起，唤起 evocation 唤出，唤起
evocative 唤出的，唤起的
ex) That song evokes pleasant high school memories for me.
那首歌唤起了我中学时的美好回忆。
上一页 1 2 3 4 下一页
4.exalt [(ex( =out, intensive) +alt( =high)使上得非常高]
vt. make higher in status, power, dignity, honor, wealth, etc., praise
highly; lift
someone up 提高或提升地位、权力、品位、名誉、财膏等;赞扬;使喜悦，使得意洋洋 exaltation 提高，晋升;赞扬;得意洋洋
exalted 有品位的，高贵的
ex)Vice Presidents are sometimes suddenly exalted to the Presidency by
assassinations. 副总统偶尔会因暗杀事件而突然晋升为总统。
5.expend [(ex( =out) +pend( =pay，weigh)支付以使某物完尽、没有了]
vt. sth+on+sth spend; use up 使用，消费;消耗，用光 expenditure 支出，经费
expense费用，支出;牺牲 expensive 昂贵的 expendable可花费的
ex) About 28% of the library’s annual budget is expended on new
acquisitions.
那家图书馆年预算中的28%左右都用来购置新书。
6.expressly [(ex (=out) +press (=press)下压挤出外边]
adv.definitely, plainly; specially,on purpose 明白地，清楚地;特别地，故意地
express 表达，表示;快递;明白的，明示的;快递的，快速的;快车，快件;捷运公司 expression 表达;措辞;表情
expressionism 表现主义 expressive 表现的，显示的 expressionless 无表情的，无表达的
ex) The web site was oxpreuly created to support recently widowed
women.
那家网站是为支持那些近来失去丈夫的女性们特别创建的。
7.extinc [(ex( =out) +tinct
adj. no longer in existence, having died out;no longer buming, no longer
active不再存在的;消亡了的，绝种的(灭绝的);(火)熄灭的，不再活跃的
extinction 消灭，绝种;(火)熄灭，废止 extinguisher 灭火器 extinguish 熄灭(火),使消灭
ex) Hundreds of insect species become extinct each year.
每年都有数百种昆虫灭绝。
8.extort [(ex( =out) +tort( =twist)扭曲使出来]
vt. sth+from+sb obtain money, etc. from someone by threats, force, etc;
exact;wrest 敲诈钱财等;强求约定、坦白等;强取，抢夺 extortion 强求，抢夺，官员的勒索钱财罪 extortionate
价格过于昂贵的，要求过高的
ex) The Mafioso extorted money from an old widow to pay her husband’s
debt.
那个黑手党成员从一个老寡妇那里敲诈钱替她丈夫还了债。
9.eject [(e
vt. compel somebody to leave a place; send out liquid, etc. 撵出，驱逐;喷射液体等，排出
ejection 撵出，排 ecjector 驱逐者，排出器
ex) After committing 5 fouls,a basketball player is electod from the
game.
篮球选手犯规五次就要被罚下赛场。
10. elongate [(e
v. make or become long in space 使伸长，拉长，变长 elongation 伸长，延长
ex) Pull on soft water taffy to elongate it as it cools.
当软水太妃糖冷却的时候用力拉它可使它变长。
上一页 1 2 3 4 下一页
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