英语自学网 发表于 2016-12-11 16:26:16

被动语态的类型(1):及物动词形成


        先看如下的例句:
        He was told the interesting story by me.
        The interesting story was told to him by me.
        我把那个有趣的故事告诉他了。
        1.有一个宾语的句子的被动语态
        He would be punished for it. 他会因此受惩罚的。
        2.有两个宾语的句子的被动语态
        give,teach…之类的动词后面往往跟两个宾语,也可以叫做双宾语。通常这种句子可以改为以“人”当作主语和以“物”当作主语的两种被动语态。
        例1:
        Tom gave me a present.汤姆给我一件礼物。
        I was given a present by Tom.(以人“I”做主语)
        A present was given(to)me by Tom.(以物“present”为主语)
        例2:
        He teaches us English.他教我们英语。
        We are taught English by him.(以人当主语)
        English is taught us by him.(以物当主语)
        例3:
        He bought me a book.他给我买了一本书。
        I was bought a book (by him).(以人当主语;此句语法上正确,但实际应用时很别扭,所以一般不用)
        A book was bought for me(by him).(以物当主语)
        3.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态
        call,make之类的动词常常有宾语补足语,在被动语态中,宾语补足语的位置不变。
        They call him Bob. 他们叫他鲍勃。
        主语 谓语 宾语 宾补
        He is called Bob (by them).
        主语   谓语   宾语 (Bob位置不变)
       
        注意:
        所有带不定式宾语补足语的动词,甚至包括感官动词feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to和使役动词let,make,have和动词help在变为被动语态时,一律加to。
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