2016年12月大学英语四级听力在线练习(82)
"http://library.koolearn.com/news/swf/mp3player.swfChanging Presidents Can Be a 'Very Stressful Process'
总统交接过程将会非常成功
The election may be over, but for President-elect Donald Trump, the work is
just beginning.
The president-elect’s transition team now needs to choose who will work in
his administration.
It is a big job. There are positions, such as cabinet secretaries, that
must be confirmed by the U.S. Senate. In all, there are about 4,000 jobs in the
executive branch of the U.S. federal government.
They include everything from top-level advisers and cabinet members to
ambassadors, agency directors, and people who answer the telephones.
Dorrance Smith knows about working at the White House. The former senior
White House advisor has worked there two times, for Republican Presidents Gerald
Ford and George Bush. Later, he was a senior advisor at the Defense Department
for President George W. Bush, the son of President George Bush.
Smith says filling all those jobs is not as easy as saying, “I want this
person in this job.” The Federal Bureau of Investigation and government lawyers
first must investigate them.
“They will go through your background for the past 20 years to determine
whether or not you are fit to serve… And you also are going to have to reveal
publicly as a public servant your assets and many people would prefer not to
have that be public information.”
If the person has financial investments in a related area, they may have to
sell them before taking the job. Smith did when he took a media-related job in
the administration.
“There are sacrifices and there are decisions that people of means are
going to have to make in order to serve and they’ll have to make the
determination if it's if it's worth it.”
Donald Trump: Untraditional
Traditionally, the incoming White House team hires people from their party
who have worked at the top levels of government. However, Donald Trump is
different. He ran a campaign that was not traditional.
Smith says there are Republicans who do not want to work in Trump’s
administration.
Before the election, Trump did not have as many people working on a
transition plan as democrat Hillary Clinton. Sources say she had more people
chosen for government jobs. Shortly after his election, Trump also replaced
Chris Christie as the head of his transition team. He named vice-president-elect
Mike Pence as the leader of the team.
The president-elect has said he wants to “drain the swamp.” A swamp is a
wet muddy area. By using that phrase, he may mean he wants to get rid of
government workers he thinks are not doing a good job. But Smith says that not
using people who already have strong government experience makes Trump’s job
harder.
“Part of what he ran on was draining the swamp and part of being the fact
that he's elected was the first step and pulling the plug on the swamp. But now
he's got to fill the pond. And it's an overwhelmingly daunting task.”
White House Changes
Presidential elections mean big changes for many workers in the executive
branch of the U.S. government.
In 1992, George Bush was not re-elected. So, Dorrance Smith had to decide
what to do when he left the White House in January.
The same year, Democratic Congressional official John Angell was moving to
the White House. His boss, Leon Panetta, had been named head of the White House
budget office.
Angell explains, after the president’s inauguration speech and parade are
over, he walks into the Oval Office of the White House. Then he is in charge of
one of the world’s largest organizations.
“You don't know what's going to happen that afternoon. The next morning
there could be a financial crisis. There could be a foreign policy crisis. So,
you really have to be up and running is the phrase. On January 21st.”
For Angell, getting ready for that day meant many meetings in Washington to
prepare a new budget for the Clinton presidency. It also meant flying down to
Arkansas in a private jet to meet with then President-Elect Bill Clinton.
It is a “very stressful process” he says. As a government official with
many years of experience, both in Congress and the White House, Angell says he
thinks Trump is facing a very difficult transition. That is because of his lack
to government experience.
Angell says preparing a budget at the beginning of the Clinton presidency
was a very difficult experience.
“And we were working 18 hours a day, and throwing together two or three
meetings a day for the president and the team. And it had to be done very
quickly and in the end the worst thing was you didn't want to fail. Because
you'd be failing at a level you've never failed at before.”
As a former top Congressional official , Angell says Trump faces hard
choices about cutting government and cutting programs that are popular with
Americans. Trump will be working with a Republican Congress. Some members will
have their own ideas of what to cut, and what to keep.
Dorrance Smith gives a funny example of how these things can work.
After losing the 1992 election, President Bush’s administration wanted to
cut the yearly “pardoning” of a live turkey at Thanksgiving time in November. In
the ceremony, the president appears with a real turkey at the White House and
says the turkey will be pardoned—not killed for a meal.
But when they took the event off the president’s schedule, they were in for
a surprise. Smith says The White House was “swamped” by turkey industry
supporters demanding that the pardon ceremony continue.
“I guess there are a lot of turkeys in a lot of congressional districts
with a very stronglobby because we had to put it back on. And the lame duck
president had to go pardon the turkey one more time.”
What will happen next in the current presidential transition is hard to
predict. Smith says Trump’s campaign and election “blew up all of the
models.”
The Trump transition team will work on filling those 4,000 jobs. Their new
administration will need to be ready for whatever happens on January 21, the
first full day of the Trump presidency.
I’m Anne Ball.
_______________________________________________________
Words in This Story
transition – n. a change from one group or state or condition to
another
assets – n. investments or other items worth money
swamp – n. a wet and muddy place outside
pond – n. a body of water
daunting – adj. difficult
task – n. a job for someone to do
inauguration – n. the ceremony when the new president is sworn into
office
pardon – v. to be forgiven, so one will not face punishment
lobby – v. to try to influence government officials to make decisions for
or against something
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