2016年12月英语六级阅读训练47
2016年12月的英语四六级考试已经进入了备考冲刺阶段，不知道各位考生是不是已经开始紧张复习了呢？就文都四六级小编得知，英语六级考试中四级阅读所占比重为百分之三十五，英语六级阅读训练的重要性不言而喻，然而六级阅读技巧也是一门学问呢。想要更早的为12月的四六级考试做准备，那就来看看四六级考试网小编为各位整理的~【小编说】已经到了最后的冲刺时间了！文都四六级考试网小编为各位考生推荐：2016年秋季何威威老师英语六级阅读强化班复习视频：通过操练六级阅读真题，进一步讲解六级阅读解题方法中的定位、关键词题型。>>>轻点链接，马上穿越>>>
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家) Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could mot. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (使形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin (糖精) by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.
1. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to ________.
A) try to control unpleasant stimuli
B) turn off the electricity
C) behave passively in controllable situations
D) become abnormally suspicious
2. Laudenslager’s experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity ________.
A) was strengthened
B) was not affected
C) was altered
D) was weakened
3. The reason why the mice in Ader’s experiment avoided saccharin was that ________.
A) they disliked its taste
B) it affected their immune systems
C) it led to stomach pains
D) they associated it with stomachaches
4. It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals ________.
A) can be weakened by conditioning
B) can be suppressed by drug injections
C) can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin
D) can be altered by electric shocks
5. The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader’s experiment was that ________.
A) they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharin
B) the sweetener was poisonous to them
C) their immune systems had been altered by the mind
D) they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning
【参考答案】
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C
以上就是文都四六级考试网小编为各位考生整理的关于2016年12月英语六级阅读训练，小编希望大家能顺利的取得好成绩~
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