一般将来时讲解
一、概念:一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,及计划、打算或准备做某事。常常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
二、常用的表达形式共有五种,现归纳如下:
(一)“will +动词原形”这一形式,主要用于在以下几个方面:
1、表示单纯的未来“将要”通用于各个人称。eg:
They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。
I’ll come with Wang Bing and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、杨玲一起来。
The rain will stop soon. 雨很快就要停了。
2、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。eg:
Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。 He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。
3、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。 eg: Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗?
Will you go to the zoo with me?你和我一起去动物园好吗?
Shall we go there at five? 我们五点钟去那儿,好吗?
Will you please open the door? 请你把门打开,好吗?
注:在口语中will用于所有人称,书面语中第一人称常用shall。
(二)“be going to+动词原形”的形式,表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事,意为“打算;就要”。
如:1)We're going to meet outside the school gate. 我们打算在校门口见面。
2)Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。
3) Look! It's going to rain. 瞧!快下雨了。
三、一般将来是特殊用法:
1、be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to talk about the report next Saturday. He is to visit Japan next year. 明年他将访问日本。
2、“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作,意为:很快,马上。后面一般不能与tomorrow, next week
等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
如:We are about to leave.我们马上就走。意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing.
They're about to leave. (=They're leaving.) 他们就要走了。
3、有些表趋向性的动词可用现在进行时来表示将来时:例如:go,come,arrive, fly(飞往),reach(到达),stay,leave,start, die...
如:I’m going to go to the zoo this weekend.= I’m going to the zoo this weekend.
He’s going to leave for Paris.= He’s leaving for Paris.
The old man is dying.= The old man will die. 这个老人要去世。
Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。
4)要注意“主将从现”这一语法现象:重要连词有: if (如果),as soon as (一....就...),when(当...时候),before,after,until(直到not..until直到...才) ,
If it rains, we won’t have a picnic next week. I’ll tell you the news as soon as you come back.
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨,我们将出去野餐。
四、基本结构:①be going to + 动词原形; ②will+动词原形
五、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或will后加not成won’t.
例如:1) I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.
→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 2) Peter will go to Nanning next week. →Peter won’t go to Nanning next week.
六、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一、二人称互换。 例如:1)We are going to go on an outing this weekend.
→ Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? Yes,we are. / No, we aren’ t . 2) I will go swimming tomorrow.
→ Will you go swimming tomorrow.?Yes, I will./ No, I won’t.
七、There be 句型的一般将来时:There will be… / There is going to be…
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