英语语法入门：定冠词the
The definite article the is the most frequent word in English.定冠词the是英语中最常用的单词。We use the definite article in front of a noun when we believe the hearer/reader knows exactly what we are referring to.当听的人和读者确切知道我们指得是什么时，我们用定冠词the修饰名词。
because there is only one:因为是唯一的：
The Pope is visiting Russia.
The moon is very bright tonight.
The Shah of Iran was deposed in 1979.
This is why we use the definite article with a superlative adjective:这就是为什么用定冠词修饰最高级：
He is the tallest boy in the class.
It is the oldest building in the town.
because there is only one in that place or in those surroundings:
because we have already mentioned it:上文中已提及过：
A woman who fell 10 metres from High Peak was lifted to safety by a helicopter. The woman fell while climbing.一个女人从高峰上向下摔了10米，直升飞机将其救起。这个女人是正在登山的时候掉下来的。
The rescue is the latest in a series of incidents on High Peak. In January last year two men walking on the peak were killed in a fall.这次救援是在高峰上发生的一系列事故中最近的一次。在去年的一月，两个男人在登山时坠落身亡。
We also use the definite article: to say something about all the things referred to by a noun:定冠词与某一名词连用，代表了一类人或事:
The wolf is not really a dangerous animal (= Wolves are not really dangerous animals)
The kangaroo is found only in Australia (= Kangaroos are found only in Australia)
The heart pumps blood around the body. (= Hearts pump blood around bodies)
We use the definite article in this way to talk about musical instruments:我们用定冠词修饰乐器：
Joe plays the piano really well.(= George can play any piano)
She is learning the guitar.(= She is learning to play any guitar)
• With adjectives like rich, poor, elderly, unemployed to talk about groups of people:定冠词与某形容词连用，也可代表一类人：
Life can be very hard for the poor.
I think the rich should pay more taxes.
She works for a group to help the disabled.
The definite article with names:
We do not normally use the definite article with names:名字前一般不会用定冠词the：
William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
Paris is the capital of France.
Iran is in Asia.
But we do use the definite article with:但是在专有名词前要用定冠词the：
countries whose names include words like kingdom, states or republic:如国家名中包括王国、合众国或者共和国等
the United Kingdom; the kingdom of Nepal; the United States; the People’s Republic of China.
countries which have plural nouns as their names:国家名中含有复数名词的：
the Netherlands; the Philippines
geographical features, such as mountain ranges, groups of islands, rivers, seas, oceans and canals:地貌特征如山系、岛屿、河流、海洋或者运河：
the Himalayas; the Canaries; the Atlantic; the Atlantic Ocean; the Amazon; the Panama Canal.
newspapers:报纸：
The Times; The Washington Post
well known buildings or works of art:有名的建筑或者艺术品：
the Empire State Building; the Taj Mahal; the Mona Lisa; the Sunflowers
organisations:组织结构：
the United Nations; the Seamen’s Union
hotels, pubs and restaurants*:宾馆、酒吧和饭店：
the Ritz; the Ritz Hotel; the King’s Head; the Déjà Vu
*Note: We do not use the definite article if the name of the hotel or restaurant is the name of the owner, e.g.,Brown’s; Brown’s Hotel; Morel’s; Morel’s Restaurant, etc.注意：如果宾馆或者饭店是以其经营者命名的，我们不用定冠词进行修饰。
families:家族：
the Obamas; the Jacksons
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