大学英语六级写作高分三大要素（重点）
通过对六级考试中高分作文、低分作文、中间作文的对比 分析，以及和阅卷老师的沟通、交流，我们发现，一篇作文能得高分，必须具备以下三大要素，否则很难得到考官青睐。要素一：结构清晰
一、文章框架要合理
要写出一篇相对成功的文章，首先要树立一个框架意识，各段的安排必须合理，否则即使语言运用得再好，也很难得高分。一般来说，六级作文都是由三个段落组成，有时也可以是四段，其结构和内容必须根据文章主题和提纲中给出的段落提示来确定，不能随意安排。
二、文章结构要完整
六级作文尽管有字数限制，但它必须是一篇在结构和意义上完整的文章。开头段交待全文主题;正文段围绕全文主题进行论述;结尾段与开头段相呼应，或总结、或提出建议、或提供解决方法，这三部分缺一不可。
此外，每个段落的结构也要求完整性。一个段落必须有若干个扩展句，使主题思想得到充分展开。如果只有主题句而没有扩展句来进一步说明和阐述主题，就不能构成一个完整的段落。
三、文章主题不偏离
全篇各个段落都为一个中心思想服务，而且每个段落都要围绕一个主题句来展开，如果有游离于中心思想之外的段落或句子则会使文章零散杂乱。另外，句子的结构杂乱也会造成段落松散，从而导致文章主题不明确，令读者不知所云。下面的两段文字表达的是同样的思想，注意二者结构上的区别。
四、段落衔接要自然
一篇文章必须具有连贯性，段与段之间、句子与句子之间的衔接要自然流畅，而这种连贯性既包括意义连贯又包括形式连贯。前者是指内在的逻辑性，后者是指使用转换词语。一篇成功的文章是两者的有机结合。
要保证文章意义上的连贯，句子的排列应遵循一定的次序，在下笔之前应该对文章的结构有合乎逻辑的安排，常见的安排方式有按时间先后排列、按重要性、一般到特殊或特殊到一般等逻辑关系排列等。
但如果一篇文章只具有意义上的连贯，而形式上比较松散，也很难突出主题。为了能够使文章主题明确、线索明了，句与句之间、段与段之间都需要一定的连接手段。写作中常用的连接手段是使用过渡性词语或句子、利用代词指代上文提到过的事物等。
五、各段详略要得当
大学英语六级考试写作部分要求考生在30分钟内写出一篇不少于120词的文章。由于时间和字数的限制，考生一定要有布局观念，根据主次关系，对段落进行合理分配。一般来说，各段的比例应该是：中间部分稍大，两头部分稍小。既要避免“头重脚轻”，也要避免“头轻脚重”，即各段的比例不能过分悬殊，主次详略安排要得当。
【实考作文例析】 (00-1)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My college Education. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese) below:
1)上大学的费用(tuition and fees)可以通过多种途径解决
2)哪种途径适合于我(说明理由)
【5分作文】
College students can get their tuition and fees in various ways. They can get it from their parents. They can earn money after class to get it. If they study hard, the school will give some students scholarships. My parents can give me some money. I will earn money after class to pay others(the rest). I think that is the suitable way for me.
I don't like apply (applying for)loans from school. I will study hard to try to get scholarships from school. I have won the first-class scholarships for two years. I like do (doing) part-time jobs such as a tutor. I can solve my tuition and fees and make well(good/better) use of time. Many students also pay tuition and fees through other method(methods).
【点评】
本文之所以只得到5分，除了出现一些语法错误(斜体部分)之外，在很大程度上是因为结构问题。
首先，文章框架不合理。本文虽然也是三段式的安排，但第二段明显与第三段陈述的是同一主题，应该合为一段。
其次，文章结构不完整。提纲虽只给出两点，但直接交待解决上大学费用的途径有些突兀，应在第一段前给出该问题出现的背景，这样结构才比较完整。
再次，主题有些偏离。第二、三段只是简单陈述自己喜欢哪种方式、不喜欢哪种方式，而没有充分地阐释理由，而且还出现个别与主题不相关的句子，如结尾一句。
最后，文章的连贯性很差。第一段中列举了三种解决上大学费用的途径，但给人一种信息堆砌之感，缺少必要的衔接;第二段和第三段逻辑顺序比较混乱，条理不清，整段的内容显得杂乱无章，缺少必要的衔接。
【7分作文】
The new tuition policy is adopted. College students must afford their tuition and fees for themselves. They must pay an average sum of 2, 500 yuan each year as tuition. They must pay many fees. For example, they must pay for their accomodation. They must pay for their diseases. College students can get their tuition and fees in various ways such as parents, part-time jobs, scholarships and loans(from parents, from part-time jobs, from scholarships and from loans).
My family can't afford my all (all my) expenses at college. But my family is not poverty-stricken. I have no right to seek help from the loan programs. And I wish to practice self-reliance. Then I offer instruction as a tutor. It helps a lot financially and I make great progress in study. I have won the first-class scholarships for two years.
【点评】
本文整体结构还算完整，语法错误(斜体部分)也不算太多，语言的运用方面也还可以，但却只拿到了7分，究其原因，主要还是结构问题。
首先，文章的连贯性较差。第一段介绍背景，但各句之间缺少必要的衔接，没有从背景很好地过渡到交学费这一问题;第三段无论从主题句的创作还是理由的陈述方面都欠缺逻辑性和条理性，导致文章不够连贯，主题不够突出。
其次，各段详略安排不当。第一段是作为背景出现，其目的只是引出主题，不需要详细阐述;而第二段是针对所给提纲的第二点进行论述，是文章的主要内容之一，应该展开说明，但本文第一段有五句话，第二段却只有一句话，明显是主次颠倒，详略安排不当。
【10分作文】
Nowadays, if we want to go to college, we'll have to pay a big sum of money. It's a problem to many students. Many ways can solve this serious problem. First, you can ask your parents for help. Second, you can do part-time jobs to make money. In addition, you can apply (apply for) a bank loan. Finally, we(you) can get scholarships from the school.
For me, I prefer a bank loan. My reasons of choice (My reasons for this choice/ The reasons why I choose this) can be listed as follows: First of all, my parents are not very (enough) rich to afford me(afford my tuition and fees). Secondly, if I do some part-time job, I'll not have enough time to study. In addition, I think I can get a good job in the future to pay back the loan.
【点评】
本文虽出现一些语法错误(斜体部分)，句式上也比较单一，显得有些拘谨，也没有什么出彩的亮点，但却也能够得到10分，主要原因如下：
首先，文章框架合理。典型的三段式文章。
其次，结构比较完整。包含提纲中所列要点，并交待背景，引出现象和问题。
再次，时刻围绕主题。通篇都是围绕主题展开论述，没有多余的与主题不相关的内容。
第四，段落衔接自然。文中标下划线的部分均起到了很好的衔接作用，使整篇文章条理清楚，过渡自然，形成一个意义连贯、形式统一的整体。
第五，各段详略得当。首段简单交待背景，第二、三段分别针对提纲中所给出的两点展开论述，主题阐述充分，详略得当。
要素三：出现亮点
一、遣词用语准确地道
词语的选用直接关系到句子的优劣，也势必关系到段落的主体思想，进而关系到整篇文章的质量，所以“把恰当的词用到恰当的地方”成了写作者的至理名言。在写作中选择准确的词汇、使用地道的语言，不仅可以使文章的表达更加到位，更重要的是能起到“点睛”的作用，成为作文获得高分的亮点之一。
二、开头结尾突破常规
文章开头段除了要表明主题外，还有一个重要的任务就是要引起读者的兴趣，使文章具有与众不同的吸引力，四、六级写作阅卷往往根据第一段确定文章分数档次，如果能在开头就表现出不同凡响的语句，对于提高整个文章的分数档次会有很大的作用。
另外，文章的结尾也同样不容忽视。结尾篇幅虽然不宜过长，但却也是决定文章成败的点睛之笔，因此可以有意识地采取某种突破常规的写作手法，让考官在读到结尾时能眼睛一亮。
三、适当运用修辞手法
准确恰当地使用修辞手法，会极大地增强文章的表现力，使文章更加生动形象、意蕴丰富并且引人入胜。英文写作中常见的修辞手法有比喻、平行结构、修辞问句等。
四、恰当使用警句格言
一篇好的作文除了要有合理的结构和布局之外，如果能有一定的文采，一定会锦上添花，而表现出文采的一个重要手段就是恰当地使用警句格言。
【实考作文例析】 (98-6)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese) below:
1)有些人认为某些数字会带来好运
2)我认为数字和运气无关……
【10分作文】
Some people say that "lucky numbers" can bring them good luck. They believe that lucky numbers make them feel safe or energetic and so they can deal with problems better.
However, others don't believe that numbers have any connection with good luck. They think such idea (such kind of idea/such an idea) is only a superstitious belief. In fact, numbers is only number. Luck is only luck. There is no relations (relationship) between them. So far as I am concerned, "lucky numbers" have nothing to do with good luck. If lucky numbers really worked , we were not to fail anything. Numbers can never bring good luck to a person at all and our fortune is in our own hands. Therefore, everyone can have good fortune only if he tries his best.
【点评】
本文结构比较清晰，句式变化也还可以，语法错误也很少(斜体部分)，但从整篇文章来看缺少语言上的亮点。
首先，遣词用语缺乏特色。全文在用词方缺乏深度和特色，几乎都是一些过于大众化的单词，如believe, think等，不能给人留下深刻的印象。
其次，没有恰当运用修辞。全文未运用任何恰当的修辞手法。
再次，没有使用警句格言。全文未出现任何警句或格言。
最后，开头结尾平淡无奇。开头结尾均没有出现有特色的句式，无法激起阅卷老师的兴奋点。
【14分作文】
Some people say that some numbers will bring them good luck. Take 8 for example. The Chinese pronunciation of the number “8” has almost the same sound as that of the Chinese character "发", which means making a fortune. Therefore, many Chinese people spare no money to get their telephone number or car number to include this number "8". They believe without any doubt that the number will bring them money.
However, others don't believe that numbers have any connection with good luck. They think such kind of idea is only an ignorant and superstitious belief. They will say: How can you ever have any good luck simply because of some lucky numbers, even if you don't work hard, don't have good opportunities and don't get along well with the people around you?
So far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter. Obviously, such belief is only a kind of superstition. Perhaps it holds true for some cases, but often it does not. Numbers can never bring good luck to a person at all and our fortune is in our own hands. Therefore, everyone can have good fortune only if he tries his best. Let's always remember "Opportunities are only for the prepared mind"and "No pains, no gains."
【点评】
本文之所以能够得到14分，除了结构清晰、句式多变以外，还有很多语言上的亮点。
首先，遣词用语准确地道。如第一段第四句中spare(吝惜，节约)一词就用的很准，形象地刻画出这类人的心态。紧接着第五句中的without any doubt(不假思索)的使用也非常恰当，提醒读者不假思索地相信幸运数字是缺乏辩证思维的。另外，最后一段中的hold true也是典型的英语表达方式，显现出本文用语的地道。
其次，适当运用修辞手法。第二段第四句运用反问使问题的答案不言自明，观点的表达更加有力。而该句中三个don’t构成排比，更加强了气势，使论证达到高潮。
再次，恰当使用警句格言。本文的最后以两句谚语作为结束，运用恰到好处，又突显出作者的文采。
最后，开头结尾突破常规。开头运用例证为主题提供充分验证，说服力很强。结尾用谚语收尾，使人眼前一亮。
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