学习障碍误人生？
有学习障碍的人在工作中遭歧视，专家解析学习障碍和自闭问题。
Hints:
Lisa Hopkins
Practice Development at Dimensions
Asperger's
主持：shenyubin
校对：cryforwhat
翻译&注解：cjsfight
答疑：赤_月
口语点评：Mornight
口语节目链接：http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/2120/item/713861/http://t1.g.hjfile.cn/listen/201212/201212300811347347604.mp3It's hard enough to get a job these days. But if you're someone with a learning disability or a developmental disorder, it's probably even tougher. Obviously there can be a wide range of possible disabilities, but many people with these conditions are perfectly capable of working for their living. However, there's still a lot of discrimination, subtle or explicit, against them from employers. In this programme, we'll be looking at why it happens and how it can be overcome. First, I spoke to Lisa Hopkins who's executive director of Practice Development at Dimensions, a UK-based not-for-profit body which provides support for people with learning disabilities and autism. I asked her about the definitions of such disabilities and how they vary across the world.
"Internationally things are described in different terms. So in the UK, we use the term 'learning disability', and that's fairly widely accepted now. I mean in other countries you'll hear things like 'developmental disability' or 'intellectual impairment'. The term that's used by the World Health Organization which is most widely accepted is the term 'intellectual disability'."
"And what does it really mean, if you can describe somebody who's affected?"
"That's up for debate as well. But it mainly means a significant reduced ability to understand new or complex information. That poses a difficulty for individual to learn and apply new skills."
"Now, if you take something like Asperger's, does that actually fit into this bracket? 'Cause a lot of people would assume it did."
"No, it doesn't. It's interesting because Asperger's is justpart of the autistic spectrum. Many people with autism do have a learning disability. Certainly people with Asperger's don't. So their intelligence is in the normal range or above average range."近来想谋份工作相当难。但如果你有学习障碍或发展障碍，找工作简直就难上加难了。显然身心障碍是个很大的范畴，但尽管很多人有这些状况，他们依然能够通过工作生活得很好。然而，雇主们对这些人仍旧存在着或隐晦或明确的歧视。我们的节目将会探寻发生这种情况的原因，并力图解决它。首先，我向“多维度实践发展”的首席执行官丽萨·霍普金斯询问有关这样的障碍的定义以及它们在全世界的分布情况。多维度实践发展是英国的一家非营利机构，致力于为学习障碍和孤独症的人们提供帮助。
“从全球来看，这种障碍的名字多种多样。在英国，我们使用的是‘学习障碍’，目前运用还不是相当普遍。我是说，在其他国家，你会听到诸如‘发展障碍’或‘智能缺陷’。世界卫生组织使用的术语最为普遍，叫做‘智能障碍’。”
“那么人们如果患此症状，意味着什么呢？”
“这还没有定论。主要的一点是当事人理解新生事物或复杂信息的能力有所下降，这给人们学习和应用新技能带来困难。”
“现在如果以阿斯伯格综合症为例，它适用于此范围吗？很多人认为是的。”
“不，其实不是的。有趣的是阿斯伯格综合症只是孤独症范畴中的一部分。很多有孤独症的人确实有学习障碍。但患有阿斯伯格综合症的人们并不是这样的。他们的智力处于正常水平或者高于平均水平。”
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