【TED演讲】失落了的民主辩论艺术（8/10)
成功的民主来自于公民辩论，Michael Sandel说－但我们对这门技艺已荒废许久。他与TED一起，带领我们进入一堂有趣的演讲，以近来美国最高法院判例（美国职业高尔夫球协会与Martin的诉讼），揭示了正义的关键本质。Sandel在哈佛教了二十多年关于正义的课程，超过一万学生听了他的课，这是哈佛有史以来听众最多的课程。2007年秋季有1115人参加了这门课。2005年秋季的课程被放到网上作为哈佛开放大学（Harvard Extension School）课程供哈佛以外的人观看。Hints:
PGA
anathema
Casey Martin
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http://t1.g.hjfile.cn/listen/201311/201311120933226204428.mp3But letting everyone ride in a cart would have been, I suspect, more anathema to the golfing greats and to the PGA, even than making an exception for Casey Martin. Why? Because what was at stake in the dispute over the golf cart was not only the essential nature of golf, but, relatedly, the question: What abilities are worthy of honor and recognition as athletic talents? Let me put the point as delicately as possible: Golfers are a little sensitive about the athletic status of their game. After all, there's no running or jumping, and the ball stands still.So if golfing is the kind of game that can be played while riding around in a golf cart, it would be hard to confer on the golfing greats the status that we confer, the honor and recognition that goes to truly great athletes. That illustrates that with golf, as with flutes, it's hard to decide the question of what justice requires, without grappling with the question, "What is the essential nature of the activity in question, and what qualities, what excellences connected with that activity, are worthy of honor and recognition?"但是我想，如果让每个人都坐车，那可能会让那些高尔夫名将和职业高尔夫球协会更加头痛，还不如给凯西.马丁立个特例呢！原因是：允许球手使用代步车不仅会威胁到高尔夫运动的本质，而且也涉及到这一问题：运动员的哪些天资和品质是值得尊敬和认可的？让我委婉地升华一下：高尔夫球手对于高尔夫运动的体育地位有点精神敏感，毕竟，他们既不需跑也不要跳，高尔夫球更是呆呆地停在原地，所以，如果高尔夫变成一种边开车边打的运动，那么我们就很难授予高尔夫球手们我们对于体育健将的尊敬和景仰。高尔夫球的例子说明，正如分笛子一样，要决定什么是公平公正，就必须先探讨这样一个问题：我们所讨论事物的本质是什么？哪些相关品质和技艺是值得尊敬和称道的？
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