【TED演讲】全球幸福指数（4/9)
Statistician Nic Marks asks why we measure a nation's success by its productivity -- instead of by the happiness and well-being of its people. He introduces the Happy Planet Index, which tracks national well-being against resource use (because a happy life doesn't have to cost the earth). Which countries rank highest in the HPI? You might be surprised.Hints:
horizontally
vertically
U.S.A.
Gulf
sub-Saharan
Hobbesian
Malaria
HIV/AIDS
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http://t1.g.hjfile.cn/listen/201311/201311010619113396294.mp3When it has a scarce resource that it wants to turn into a desirable outcome, it thinks in terms of efficiency. It thinks in terms of how much bang do we get for our buck. And this is a measure of how much well-being we get for our planetary resource use. It is an efficiency measure. And probably the easiest way to show you that, is to show you this graph. Running horizontally along the graph, is "ecological footprint," which is a measure of how much resources we use and how much pressure we put on the planet. More is bad. Running vertically upwards, is a measure called "happy life years." It's about the well-being of nations. It's like a happiness adjusted life-expectancy. It's like quality and quantity of life in nations. And the yellow dot there you see, is the global average. Now, there's a huge array of nations around that global average. To the top right of the graph, are countries which are doing reasonably well and producing well-being, but they're using a lot of planet to get there. They are the U.S.A., other Western countries going across in those triangles and a few Gulf states in there actually. Conversely, at the bottom left of the graph, are countries that are not producing much well-being -- typically, sub-Saharan Africa. In Hobbesian terms, life is short and brutish there. The average life expectancy in many of these countries is only 40 years. Malaria, HIV/AIDS are killing a lot of people in these regions of the world.当稀缺资源转变成需求产物时，就会说到效率。会考虑到我们要为我们的所得付出多少，而这个标准衡量我们可以通过消耗多少资源来换取幸福。这是一个衡量效率的标准。也许最容易说清楚的办法就是这张图表。这个图的横坐标是生态脚印，这是一个衡量我们使用多少自然资源，给我们的地球多少压力的标准，越高与不好。往上走的纵坐标，是一个快乐年数的标准。这是一个关于国家幸福度的标准。这是一个根据幸福度作调整后的寿命期望值。这就象征各个国家的生命质量和数量。那个黄点就是全球平均值。现在有很多国家都在平均值附近。图的右上角，是一些幸福生活指数比较好的国家，但代价是利用了很多资源。其中有美国，其他一些在那三角形上的西方国家，还有一些波斯湾国家。相反的，在图的左下方，是那些没有提供多少幸福生活的国家。典型的包括非洲撒哈拉以南的国家。用Hobbesian的说法，那里的生命是短暂而粗野的。在很多国家，人均寿命只有40岁。疟疾，艾滋病夺走了那些地区很多人的生命。
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