英语自学网 发表于 2016-7-9 17:41:15

英语语法精讲:合成名词

  在英语合成词中,合成名词(compound nouns)数量很多,而且可以按照既定规律自行构造新词。
          合成名词构造法主要有下列八种:
          ①名词+名词,如
          daybreak, sunrise, cattleshed, house-keeper, shoe-maker, headache,
night-club, pocket-knife, arm-chair, wine-glass, ink-stand, man-servant,
maid-servant, steamboat, goldsmith, newspaper, lawsuit等。
          ②形容词+名词,如
          blackboard, commonweath, highway, stronghold, sweetheart, easy-chair,
grandson, blueprint, deadline, high-brow, lazy-bones等。
          ③动词+名词,如
          drawbridge, grindstone, playground, pickpocket, breakfast, cut-throat,
makeshift, sing-song, turn-coat, washbasin 等。
          ④副词虚词+名词,如
          afterthought, offshoot, outbreak, byway, bylaw, outpost, overcoat,
underclothes, outgrowth, downpour, upkeep, bystander等。
          ⑤副词虚词+动词,如
          income, outlet, outlook, onset, outfit, upstart, inlet, offspring,
outburst, offset等。
          ⑥动词+副词,如
          die-hard, breakdown, drawback, set-up, break-up, farewell, standstill,
feedback等。
          ⑦名词+动名词,如
          book-keeping, town-planning, letter-writing, word-building, tiger-hunting,
paper-manufacturing, bill-collecting, car-repairing, television-advertising,
window-shopping, day-dreaming, photocopying, handwriting等。
          ⑧其他,如
          man-of-war, forget-me-not, son-in-law, mother-in-law, commander-in-chief,
editor-in-chief, merry-go-round, hide-and-seek, stay-at-home,
jack-in-the-box等。
          在这8种构词法中,第7类“名词+动名词”最富生命力。此外,动名词还可以下列三形式构成合成名词:
          ㈠动名词+名词,如
          drinking water, listening material, fishingrod, waiting-room,
looking-glass, stepping-stone, running mate 等。
          ㈡动名词+副词虚词,如
          swearing-in, going-over
          ㈢副词+动名词,如
          uprising, well-being 等。
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