水力破岩猛 利弊权衡难
利用水力压裂页岩提取油气成为趋之若鹜的新方式，但其背后的利弊争论也此起彼伏。
Hints:
fracking
Yoko Ono
Sean Lennon
Artists Against Fracking
Paul McCartney
Lady Gaga
Gwyneth Paltrow
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Ian MacDonald
Chevron
Eurasia
主持：shenyubin
校对：cryforwhat
翻译&注解：cjsfight
答疑：赤_月
口语点评：Mornight
口语节目链接：http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/2120/item/688316/http://t1.g.hjfile.cn/listen/201211/201211040815218779158.mp3Fracking or hydraulic fracturing is either the best new way to get much needed energy to the human race, or it's a dangerous industry which contaminates water and can even cause earthquakes, according to which can we believe. We're going to hear from both camps about fracking - a way of extracting oil or gas by drilling down and injecting water, sand and chemicals into shale rocks far below the ground. It's an industry which has really taken off in the United States. But opposition to it has been gathering pace with Yoko Ono and her son Sean Lennon, recently launching an organisation called Artists Against Fracking which has signed up some of the biggest names in global showbiz, including Paul McCartney, Lady Gaga and Gwyneth Paltrow. Well, in Europe, worries about the effects of fracking on the environment have been spreading. Bulgaria and France have banned exploratory drilling. Germany is considering an outright ban. While earlier this month, the Czech Republic imposed a temporary ban on shale gas exploration until the middle of 2014. But the fact is, energy companies around the world are falling over themselves trying to get licences to drill, to get a slice of this potentially lucrative industry. Ian MacDonald is the vice president of the energy company Chevron for Europe, Eurasia and the Middle East. I asked him first about the claims of opponents to fracking that it contaminates underground water.
"There's never been a single documented case of a fracked well contaminating groundwater. And we demonstrate this to people. We go to town hall meetings in communities. And we take a cross-section of a well so we can show that there is eight layers of steel and the concrete between the board, the well and the formation surrounds it.液压破碎法，又称水力压裂法，要么是当今人类获取重要能源的最新最好方式，要么是个危险的行当，可能污染水源甚至引发地震，就看哪个更可信了。我们会听到双方阵营对于液压破碎法（一种通过向下挖掘，并向远离地表的页岩中注入水、沙子和化学物品来提取油气的方式）的看法。这一行业在美国早已成功开展。但是也有随之而来的反对者。小野洋子和她的儿子肖恩·列侬最近创办了名为“艺术家反对液压破碎”的组织，并已经有包括保罗·麦卡特尼，Lady Gaga以及格温妮丝·帕特洛在内的全球娱乐界重磅明星与该组织签约。而在欧洲，人们越来越关注液压破碎法对环境的影响。保加利亚和法国已经禁止勘探钻井。德国也在考虑全面禁止。就在这个月的早些时候，捷克共和国颁布了一项暂行禁令，禁止页岩气开采，有效期到2014年中。但事实上，全球的能源公司都争先恐后地想获取勘探凭证，试图挤进这有利可图的行业。伊恩·麦克唐纳德是能源公司雪佛龙（欧洲、欧亚及中东地区）的副总。我首先向他询问了反对者认为液压破碎法会污染地下水的观点。
“从未有过水力压裂井污染地下水的先例或个案。我们向公众证明这一点。我们参加社区的公民大会，通过井的横切图来向他们展示井和板材之间的八层钢筋混凝土结构以及周围的构造。”
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