英语语法大全：非谓语动词
1. 使役动词或感官动词后的不定式何时带toHe had often made his little sister ______, but today he wasmade ______ by his little sister.
A. cry, to cry B. crying, crying C. cry, cry D. to cry, cry
此题应选 A。一般说来, 在“感官动词”(如 see, hear,
watch, feel, notice, look at, listen to等)以及某些“使役
动词”(如make等)之后的复合宾语中, 不定式是不能带to的, 但若是变为相应的被动语态, 则应加上这个to：
1. John was made ____ the truck for a week as a
punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washed
2. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always
works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
3. He not only made the workers _____ long hoursbut he was also seen ____ them.
A. work, beat B. to work, to beat
C. work, to beat D. to work, beat
4. a. He often listened to others ______.
b. He was often listened to _____ in this room.
A. sing, to sing B. to sing, sing
C. sing, sing D. to sing, to sing
答案：1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A
2. 哪些动词后要接动名词而不接不定式作宾语
I would appreciate ______ back this afternoon.
A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you’re calling
此题应选 C。因为动词appreciate(感激)之后通常接动名词作宾语。类似地，以下动词通常也只用动名词作宾语：
appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 can’t help 禁不住
consider 考虑 dislike 厌恶 enjoy 喜爱
excuse 原谅 finish 完成 give up 放弃
imagine 想象 keep 保持 mind 介意
miss 错过 practise 练习 put off 推迟
risk 冒险 stop 停止 suggest 建议
forbid 禁止 advise 建议 allow 允许
permit 允许 等等
I couldn’t help laughing when we heard the news. 听到这个消息我禁不住笑了起来。
I can’t imagine doing work with them. 我无法想象与他们一起工作。
He practises playing the piano every day. 他每天练习弹钢琴。
Would you mind opening the window? 打开窗户你介意吗?
The squirrel was lucky that it just missed beingcaught. 这只小松鼠很幸运, 没有被抓住。
He advised selling the old car. 他建议卖掉这部旧汽车。
3. 哪些动词后要接不定式而不接动名词作宾语
We expected ______ but we didn’t manage ______ the tickets.
A. to go, to get B. going, getting C. to go, getting D. going, to get
此题应选A, 因为动词 expect, manage之后接动词作宾语时，通常要用不定式而不用动名词。类似地以下动词通常也只能以不定式作宾语：
agree 同意 ask 要求 choose 决定
decide 决定 expect 期待 hope 希望
manage 设法得以 prepare 准备 offer 主动提出
pretend 假装 promise 答应 refuse 拒绝
wish 希望 want 想要等等
1. She pretended _____ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing
C. to not see D. having not seen
2. We agreed _____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting
C. to meet D. to have met
3. He offered _____ us the money, so we decided_____ a computer.
A. to lend, to buy B. lending, buying
C. to lend, buying D. lending, to buy
4. He chose _____ at home because he had a cold.
A. staying B. to stay
C. having stayed D. to having stayed
答案：1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B
4. like, love等动词后接不定式还是动名词
Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
此题应选 A。因为从语法上看should love 之后只能接不定式, 所以答案只能在A, B中选择；又因为从句意上看应该用被动式, 所以只能选A。
在英语中, 有些动词其后接动词作宾语时, 可用不定式也可用动名词, 且含义大致相同。这类动词主要有：like, love, begin, start, hate, prefer, continue, intend, can’t bear(也有人认为用不定式多指特定动作, 用动名词多指经常性动作, 但总的说来, 在现代英语中这两类结构区别不大)：
He like watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
I prefer living here. 我喜欢住在这儿。
但是以下两点须注意：
1. 当like, love与would, should连用时, 其后只用不定式而不用动名词(见本题)。
若表示“本来想要”这样的意思, 后接不定式的完成式：
I’d love to have gone to the party yesterday but
I had to work extra hours to finish a report. 昨天我本想去参加晚会的, 但我要加班写一个报告。
2. 当begin, start 等动词本身为现在分词时或当其后接表示心理状态的动词时, 其后的动词通常用不定式：
I was beginning (starting) to cook supper. 我正要开始煮晚饭。
He began to like poetry when he was a boy. 他在童年时代就开始喜欢诗。
5. allow, permit, advise, forbid等后接动词有讲究
a. We don’t allow ______ in the office.
b. We don’t allow people ______ in the office.
c. People are not allowed ______ in the office.
A. smoking B. to smoke C. smoked D. smoke
此题答案为a句选 A，b句和c句均选 B。一般说来, 动词allow(允许)之后应接动名词作宾语, 但是若其后接有名词或代词作宾语, 则其宾语后的补足语应用不定式, 而不是动名词(注意：c句与b句同义, 只是c句为b句的被动形式)。
类似以上用法的动词还有 permit, advise, forbid等：
1. a. We don’t permit _____ on the grass.
b. We don’t permit people _____ on the grass.
c. People are not permitted _____ on the grass.
A. walk B. to walk C. walking D. walked
2. a. He advised _____ early.
b. He advised us _____ early.
c. We were advised _____ early.
A. leave B. to leave C. leaving D. left
3. a. We forbid ______ a noise.
b. We forbid people ______ a noise.
c. People are forbidden ______ a noise.
A. make B. to make C. making D. made
但动名词前用所有格或物主代词作逻辑主语是可能的：
4. a. He forbids me _____ with them.
b. He forbids my _____ with them.
A. to go B. going C. go D. went
答案：1. C, B, B 2. C, B, B 3. C, B, B 4. A, B
6. remember等动词后接不定式或动名词含义不同
She didn’t remember ______ him before.
A. having met B. have met C. to meet D. to having met
此题应选 A。一般说来, 在动词remember(记得), forget(忘记), regret(后悔)等之后，若接不定式, 表示该不定式所表示的动作还未发生；若是接动名词(可用一般式或完成式, 偶尔还可用不定式的完成式), 则表示该动名词所表示的动作已经发生。如：
1. Do you remember ____ me at a party last year?
A. meet B. to meet C. meeting D. met
2. —The light in the office is still on.
—Oh, I forgot _____.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
3. —You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
—Well, now I regret ______ that.
A. to do B. to be doing
C. to having done D. having done
4. —I regret ____ that I can’t help you.
—That’s all right.
A. say B. to say C. saying D. said
在表示已发生的动作时, 若句中含有具体的过去时间状语, 则以用动名词的一般式为宜：
I regret telling you about it yesterday. 我后悔昨天把此事告诉了你。
答案：1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B
7. stop等动词后接不定式或动名词含义不同
He was very tired so he stopped ______ a rest.
A. have B. to have C. having D. to having
此题应选B。在动词stop(停止), go on(继续)等之后, 接不定式或动词的-ing形式都可以，但含义有差别：stop之后若接不定式, 表示停止正在做的事情而去做另外一件事(即去做不定式表示的动作);若接动词的-ing形式, 则只表示停止正在做的事情(即停止-ing动词所表示的动作)；go on 之后若接不定式，表示的是做完一件事情后, 接着做另外一件事(即做不定式所表示的动作)；若接动词的-ing形式, 则表示继续做正在做的事(即继续做-ing动词表示的动作)。如：
1. He reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
2. They stopped ____, but there was no more sound.
A. listen B. listening C. to listen D. to have listened
3. When he saw us, he stopped____, got up and shook hands with us.
A. to read B. reading C. read D. to be reading
4. You can’t go on ____ all night without a rest.
A. to work B. working C. work D. to have worked
5. Go on _____ the other exercises after you have finished this one.
A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing
答案：1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A
8. mean等动词接不定式或动名词含义不同
He meant ______ the early bus, and that meant ______ up before five o’clock.
A. to catch, to get B. catching, getting C. to catch, getting D. catching, to get
此题应选C。在动词 mean, try, can’t help 等之后接不定式或动名词, 动词本身含义有变化。试比较并体会：
a. mean＋to do sth 打算做某事
mean＋doing sth 意味着……
b. try＋to do sth 设法做某事
try＋doing sth 做某事试一试(看有什么效果)
c. can’t help＋to do sth 不能帮助做某事
can’t help＋doing sth 禁不住做某事
1. Oh, sorry. I didn’t mean _____ your feelings.
A. hurt B. to hurt C. hurting D. to hurting
2. This illness will mean _____ to hospital.
A. go B. to go C. going D. to going
3. I couldn’t help ____ when I heard the joke.
A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed
4. Don’t take the medicine. It can’t help ____ ridof your cold.
A. get B. to get C. getting D. got
5. —I usually go there by train.
—Why not _____ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go
C. to try and go D. try going
答案：1. B 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D
9. need等动词后接不定式或动名词均可, 但语态不同
The library needs ______, but it’ll have to wait until Sunday.
A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned
此题应选 A。表示“需要”的动词 need, want, require等, 其后可接动名词(用主动式表示被动含义)或不定式(用被动式表示被动含义)：
这位老头需要照顾。
a. The old man needs looking after.
b. The old man needs to be looked after.
你的头发需要理了。
a. Your hair wants cutting.
b. Your hair wants to be cut.
这房子需要刷漆了。
a. The house requires painting.
b. The house requires to be painted.
但是在其它情况下，则用主动式或被动式不能随便：
这部电影值得看两遍。
正：The film is worth seeing twice.
误：The film is worth to be seen twice.
误：The film is worth being seen twice.
这本书很难理解。
正：The book is difficult to understand.
误：The book is difficult to be understood.
10. 介词but后的动词带不带to主要看前面有没有do
He did nothing but ______ a letter.
A. write B. to write C. writing D. to have written
此题应选A。一般说来, 介词后接动词通常应是动名词。但是介词but(except也一样)却比较特殊, 其后接动词时, 可以接不定式, 并且这个不定式可以带to也可以不带to：
1. 当其前的谓语含有实义动词do(可以是各种形式)时, 其后的不定式通常不带to：
She will do anything but play chess. 她除了下棋外什么都愿干。
He did nothing all day except watch TV. 他一整天除了看电视什么也没做。
2. 当其前的谓语没有某种形式的实义动词do时，其后的不定式通常要带to：
They had no choice but to obey. 他们别无选择只有服从。
He wanted nothing but to stay here. 他除了想呆在这里外, 其它什么也不想。
3. 当其前含有实义动词do但不是用作谓语时, 其后的不定式带不带to均可, 但以不带to为多见：
There’s nothing to do but (to) leave. 只好离开。
There was nothing to do but (to) wait. 除了等没有其它的办法。
4. 在cannot (help) but后习惯上接不带to的不定式：
I cannot (help) but admire his courage. 我不得不佩服他的勇气。
11. “have＋宾语＋动词”结构详解
It was cold. He had the fire ______ all night.
A. burn B. to burn C. burning D. to burning
此题应选C。有关have的以下几个结构须注意：
1. have＋宾语＋动词原形, 表示“叫某人做某事”, 是使役动词；有时用于否定句, 表示“不能让”, 多与won’t连用：
I’ll have her post the letter. 我要叫她去寄信。
I won’t have you tell me what to do. 我不能让你对我做的事指手划脚。
2. have＋宾语＋现在分词。表示使某人或某物一直处于做某事的状态当中；有时用于否定句, 表示“不允许”, 一般与won’t, can’t 连用：
He had the light burning all night. 他让灯亮了一整夜。
I won’t have you smoking at your age. 我不能让你在这个年纪就抽烟。
3. have＋宾语＋过去分词。主要用法有：
(1) 表示请某人做某事(主语通常不参加)：
We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修了机器。
(2) 表示经历或遭遇(通常是违背主语意愿的)：
I had my watch stolen. 我的表被人偷去了。
(3) 表示完成或解决某事(主语也可能参加)：
I’ve had all my mistakes corrected. 我已把我所有的错误都改正过来了。
(4) 表示“拒绝或不允许发生某事”(多与won’t连用)：
We won’t have anything said against the Party. 我们不允许有人这样攻击党。
12. 你会用“make＋宾语＋过去分词”吗
My spoken English is poor. I can’t make myself ______.
A. understand B. to understand C. understanding D. understood
此题应选D。容易误选A, 认为句中的make是使役动词, 其后的宾语补足语用动词原形。但是从句意上看myself与动词understand具有被动关系(动宾关系), 所以用过去分词。如：
He shouted aloud so that he could make his voice
heard. 他大声喊, 以便让别人听到他的声音。
You must make yourself respected. 你必须要让别人尊重你。
We should make our views known. 我们应该要使我们的观点让别人知道。
比较以下“make+宾语+动词原形”的用法：
What made you think so? 是什么使你这样想的呢?
He made us stay to tea. 他留我们吃茶点。
You may take a horse to the water, but you can’tmake him drink. 你可以把马牵到水边, 但你不能让它喝水(捆绑不成夫妻)。
但是, 不要将以上使役用法与以下各句 (make 表示“制造”)相混淆：
He made some candles to give light. 他做了些蜡烛来照明。
He made a large box to put his books in. 他做了个大箱子来装书。
13. 注意这类“动词＋宾语＋doing”结构
The salsman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off.
A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing
此题应选 D。句中的 caught stealing是过去分词短语用作定语, 修饰其前的名词the girl, 可看作是定语从句 whowas caught stealing的省略形式(注意这是一个被动语态句子), 其中使用的动词结构是 catch sb doing sth(抓住某人或碰上某人在做某事)。又如：
He caught me smoking a cigarette. 他抓住我抽烟。
The farmer caught the boy stealing his apples. 农夫抓住这个男孩偷他的苹果。
类似以下结构也须注意：
1. find sb doing sth 发现某人在做某人：
We found the girl crying under the tree. 我们发现这个女孩在树下哭。
2. see / hear / watch / observe sb doing sth 看见 / 听见 / 观看 / 观察某人在做某事：
He heard the girl singing in the next room. 他听见这个姑娘在隔壁房间唱歌。
试比较：
I saw her enter the shop. 我看见她进了商店 (指全过程)。
I saw her entering the shop. 我看见她在进商店(指动作在进行)。
14. 在非谓语动词的否定式中否定词置于何处
The patient was warmed ______ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
此题应选C。主要考察在非谓语动词的否定式中, 否定词的位置。一般说来, 非谓语动词的否定式只能在非谓词动词之前加否定词;若非谓语动词包括几个词(如是完成式、被动式等), 则只能在非谓语动词的第一个词前加否定词; so asto, in order to 等结构的否定式, not只能放在不定式符号to之前。如：
1. She pretended _____ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing
C. to not see D. having not seen
2. Tom kept quiet about the accident ______ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to
C. so as to not D. not so as to
3. Mrs Smith warned her daughter _____ afterdrinking.
A. never to drive B. to never drive
C. never driving D. never drive
4. _____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案：1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C
15. 此题是考察非谓语动词吗
______ many times, but the boys still couldn’t understand it.
A. Having told B. Though he had been told C. He was told D. Having been told
此题应选C。容易误选A, D, 考生从四个选项中初看一眼便断定此题是考察非谓语动词, 这刚好落入了命题者的设置的陷阱。做好此题的关键点在于注意到句中的并列连词but, 因为它的存在就表明这是一个并列句，所以前面应是一个完整的句子而不能是一个非谓语动词。
1. ____ask the teacher if you have any questions.
A. Doing B. Do C. To do D. Done
2. ____ hard and you’ll pass the college entranceexaminations.
A. Study B. Studying C. To study D. Studied
3. _____ down the radio —— the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turning B. Turn C. Turned D. To turn
4. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, ____ some fruit and visited her cousin.
A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy
5. She set out soon after dark _____ home an hour later.
A. arriving B. to arrive
C. having arrived D. and arrived
答案：1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. D
16. succeed后可接不定式或动名词吗?
He succeeded ______ the job.
A. to get B. getting C. in getting D. of getting
此题应选C。表示做某事成功, succeed 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词, 而应接in (doing)。如：
We succeeded in performing the task. 我们成功地完成了任务。
I didn’t succeed in my first lecture. 我第一次演讲没有成功。
He succeeded in (winning) the first prize. 他成功地获得了一等奖。
类似地, 以下动词在通常情况下, 其后既不接不定式也不接动名词。若意义上需要接动词, 要用“介词+动名词”：
insist on 坚持 persist in 坚持, 继续
dream of 梦想 concentrate on 专心于
他坚持要同我们一起去。
正：He insisted on going with us.
误：He insisted going with us.
误：He insisted to go with us.
他梦想当科学家。
正：He dreamed of becoming a scientist.
误：He dreamed becoming a scientist.
误：He dreamed to become a scientist.
他聚精会神地研究计划。
正：He concentrated on studying the plan.
误：He concentrated studying the plan.
误：He concentrated to study the plan.
17. 你知道什么叫悬垂分词吗
______ the road, a car knocked him down.
A. Crossing B. Crossed C. When he was crossing D. To cross
此题应选C。其余均可能被误选。分析如下：
选项B不对, 因为它是过去分词, 其后不应有宾语。
选项A, D不对, 因为该非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致——构成悬垂分词。
一般说来, 作状语用的非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致, 否则便是错句。比较：
为了通过考试, (他)每分钟都用来学习。
误：To pass the exam, every minute was spent in studying.
正：To pass the exam, he spent every minute in studying.
信读了第二次之后, 意思就更清楚了。
误：Reading the letter a second time, the meaning became clearer.
正：Being read a second time, the letter became clearer in meaning.
狗叫得厉害, 所以我把它放了出去。
误：Barking madly, I led the dog out.
正：Barking madly, the dog was let out.
但是, 在有些特殊的结构(只有少数固定结构)中, 非谓语动词可以没有逻辑主语：
Judging from what he said, he was a cheat. 从他说的话来看, 他就是个骗子。
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