【Talk about English】 我们究竟是什么 (Episode9-4/5)
第一个提出鉴别个体文化和集体文化重要性的是以为叫做Geert Hofstede的荷兰学者，本期主播Marc Beeby会领着我们一起看看他的研究成果，一起来听听吧。Hints:
Emma Kambangula
Geert Hofstede
Rebecca
Ilse Meye
Mahmoud Jamal
Pakistan
Hail Kaiser
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http://t1.g.hjfile.cn/listen/201304/201304030158388177547.mp3Emma Kambangula. The last of Geert Hofstede's value dimensions we'll be hearing about today is the masculinity/femininity dimension. Now you might think that this would be a way of looking at how equal men and women are in different cultures, but that's not the case. You might say it's more interesting than that. Here's Rebecca again, with assistance from Ilse Meyer from Germany and Mahmoud Jamal from Pakistan.
The masculinity femininity dimension measures the value which a society puts on masculine
or feminine characteristics. Amongst male characteristics there is a tendency for a desire to advance to earn a lot, to do training to remain up to date, to be competitive, whereas for women it's more important that there's a friendly atmosphere, that people have good relationships with each other, that there's security within the home, within work and so on. So does a culture tend to be more feminine, meaning does it value relationships more does it value security more, or does it tend to be more masculine, on the other hand, and value more things like advancement, competition, aggression and so on . In his findings Hofstede discovered that Japan and the German speaking cultures came out high on the masculinity index.
It is interesting to note that in Russia they talk of “Mother Russia" whereas I grew up with the idea of Germany as the Fatherland. I remember a song from Imperial times which was almost like a national anthem, which ends with the words “to be the ruler of the Fatherland, Hail Kaiser to thee".
Asian countries tended to come out in the middle or on the lower side of the masculinity index.
Indian culture is feminine in many aspects. It also of course has a masculinity about it because you'd be very wrong to stereotype it as a feminine culture, but if you look at the early poetry and early devotional songs they are written from a woman's point of view which is unusual because normally in Islamic culture the lover is seen as a man, but here the devotee or the lover is seen as a woman. And that is uniquely I feel Indian, I don't think there is any other culture where there's been so much love poetry written from the feminine to the masculine.
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