有机农业喂不饱这个世界 (1/2)
概述：最新研究表明，有机农业的产出比传统农业少。Hints:
Verena Seufert
McGill University
Montreal
Canada
Nature
校对：OFELIA1030
翻译：风动静泉
注解：风动静泉
组长：李奇亮
答疑：天地一沙鸥wphttp://t1.g.hjfile.cn/listen/201205/201205040857024044389.mp3Organic farming avoids the use of chemical pesticides and manmade fertilizers. Supporters say organic farming is better for the environment than conventional methods. But studies have shown that organic farming generally produces less food per hectare.
That lower yield means feeding the world organically would require more land. But good farmland is limited. And scientists say deforestation from the clearing of land for agriculture is already a problem for climate change.
In a new study, researchers wanted to measure the difference between conventional and organic yields. So they combined the results of 66 earlier studies. They found that some organic farms can yield almost as much as conventional farms. But most cannot.
Verena Seufert at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, was the lead author of the study in the journal Nature.
"Conventional yields are typically higher than organic yields. But with certain management practices, with certain environmental conditions, and certain crop species, this yield difference can be quite small."
On average, organic farms produced 25% less compared with conventional farms. But yields of organic fruits and other perennial crops nearly equaled the yields from conventional ones. So did the yields of legumes such as soybeans. Legumes produce some of their own nitrogen fertilizer.有机农业可以避免对化学农药和人造肥料的使用。有机农业的支持者们认为，有机农业比传统的农耕方式更加环保。但是，研究表明，有机农业每公顷产量通常少于传统农作方式。
低产意味着如果人类大量使用有机农业的农耕方式，则需要更多的耕地。但是，良田是有限的。科学家们表示，伐林造田现象已经成为造成气候变化的主要问题。
在一项新的研究中，研究者想要测量常规农业和有机农业下农作物产量的区别。因此，他们综合研究了之前的66项研究结果。他们发现一些有机田的产量和传统农田的产量几乎相同。但是大部分有机田产量则无法与传统农田相提并论。
加拿大麦吉尔蒙特利尔大学的韦雷娜·索伊弗特作为主要作者，在《自然》杂志上发表了这项研究结果。
“常规产量通常要比有机产量高。但是利用一定的管理实践，一定的环境条件以及一定的作物品种，产出的差别会变得很小。”
有机田的平均产量要比传统农田少25%。但是有机水果和其他多年生作物的产量几乎与常规产量相同。像大豆一类的豆类作物的产量也是如此。豆类可以利用自身机能产出一些氮肥（来为其生长提供养分）。
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