教学方式微改变，阅读能力大提升(2/2)
概括：一项新的研究表明，幼儿园教师在教学方式上进行细微的改变，能够使学生的阅读、拼写和理解能力明显提高。Hints：
Project STAR
Sit Together And Read
Ohio State
Laura Justice
Preschool Language and Literacy Laboratory
友情提示：最后一段有一处双引号内部的单引号，一处破折号
校对：不睡漫漫
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组长：jushua
答疑：ldzh43http://t1.g.hjfile.cn/listen/201204/201204291053202047339.mp3For 30 weeks, the children took part in a program called Project STAR, for Sit Together And Read. The project is based at Ohio State. It tests the short-term and long-term results of reading regularly to preschool children in their classrooms.
Laura Justice at Ohio State was an investigator for the study. She heads the Preschool Language and Literacy Laboratory. She says one of the areas that interests researchers is known as the "locus of learning."
"Where is it that a child learns something? Where is that space? We think we have identified it pretty well in terms of fostering young children's knowledge about print."
Professor Justice says this knowledge can be gained by having focused discussions when reading a book to a child.
"We think we understand how information about print is transmitted from the adult to the child. And we developed this intervention that really helps adults center in on the things that we need and want children to learn."
There are different ways that adults can talk to children about print. They can point to a letter and discuss it, and even trace the shape with a finger. They can point out a word: "This is 'dog.'" They can discuss the meaning of the print or how the words tell the story. And they can talk about the organization of the print -- for instance, showing how words are written left to right in English.孩子们参加了一个在俄亥俄州举办的为期30天的项目“星计划”，就是坐在一起，然后读书。它通过使学龄前儿童在教室进行有规律的阅读以获取短期和长期测试结果。
Laura Justice是这项计划的研究者，主管学前语言和文学实验室。她说学习地点的研究是吸引研究者的一个领域。
“一个孩子在哪里能学到知识？那地方又在哪里？就促进小孩子关于印刷的知识而言，我觉得我们已经了解的相当透彻了。”
Justice教授说，当向孩子阅读书籍时，专注的讨论有助于获取知识。
我们认为自己晓得印刷的信息是怎样从父母传递给儿童的。并且，我们扩大这种干涉，因为这确实对儿童中心在我们热切希望孩子们去学习一些事情这一事项上大有帮助。
关于父母向孩子介绍印刷的方法有多种，父母可以用手指表示方向来讨论一个字母，或者用手指描绘出字母的形状。他们可以指出一个词：“这是狗。”来讨论照片的意思，或者讲述一个故事。抑或他们可以聊聊这个单词的结构，比如，英文字母是怎样从左到右书写的。
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