全球气候变化，原住民首当其冲(1/2)
概述：全球极端气候将带来气温雨水变化，各种疾病滋生，危害居民健康。Hints
Sherilee Harper
Ph.D
Guelph
Batwa
Uganda
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答疑：trans0829http://t1.g.hjfile.cn/listen/201202/201202240840474483557.mp3Researchers say indigenous people are among the most vulnerable to climate change. They're studying how extreme weather events can trigger more disease outbreaks.
Scientists say extreme weather events have accompanied a rise in global temperatures. Sherilee Harper says droughts, heavy rains and floods have put indigenous people around the world at risk.
"I would say that indigenous people are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts because of their close relationship with the local environment and ecosystems and also their dependence on those local ecosystems for their livelihood, as well as a lot of complex and interrelated social issues and inequities and inequalities."
Harper is a Ph.D candidate in aboriginal people's health at the University of Guelph near Toronto, Canada. She's been studying the effects of climate change on the Batwa people in southwest Uganda.
"So for instance, after a period of heavy rainfall or flooding there's often increased bacteria and pathogens in the water due to runoff and things like that. That can increase a risk of exposure to waterborne disease. Now, climate change scenarios are predicting that we're gonna see more of these periods of heavy rainfall more frequently, longer duration and more intense instances. So we're expecting that will increase the prevalence and risk of exposure to waterborne disease."
One of those diseases is diarrhea, which health officials estimate kills about 1 million young children every year.
"The World Health Organization is predicting that most of the climate-related health burden is going to be due to diarrheal disease and malnutrition and both of those are water issues. So that's why we started studying the topic."研究人员表示原住民属于最易受到气候变化的影响的人群。他们正在研究极端气候事件如何引起更多疾病爆发。
科学家表示极端气候事件伴随着上升的全球气温发生。谢莉·哈珀称干旱、暴雨和洪水已经使世界各地的原住民置于危险之中。
“我想说，原住民特别容易受到气候变化的影响，因为他们与当地环境和生态系统关系密切，他们的生计和当地生态系统息息相关，并且涉及到大量复杂的社会问题以及各种不公平、不平等的现象。”
谢莉·哈珀是在加拿大多伦多附近的圭尔夫大学的博士研究生，专业为原住居民健康。她一直在研究乌干达西南部气候变化对特瓦族人的影响。
“例如，经过一段时期的暴雨或者洪水，由于径流和类似现象的影响，水中的细菌病原体通常会滋生。这增加了患水传疾病的风险。现在，气候变化的局面预测，我们将迎来更频繁、持续时间更长、更强烈的强降雨时期。因此我们认为水传疾病会更加普遍，患病风险会更大。”
其中一种水传疾病是腹泻，卫生官员估计每年有约有一百万儿童死于该疾病。
“世界卫生组织预测气候相关的健康负担大多数都是由腹泻和营养不良导致的，这两种疾病都与水有关。所有我们才会开始研究这一课题。”
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