叶酸能否预防儿童自闭症？(2/2)
概述：孕妇摄取叶酸不足不仅有可能会导致孩子患上自闭症，还可能造成婴儿脊柱裂。Hints:
Asperger's
folic
spina bifida
Ezra Susser
Columbia University
asparagus
folate
校对：熔雪gemini
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http://t1.g.hjfile.cn/listen/201303/201303040858488439499.mp3After the babies were born, investigators followed up with the children through the end of March 2012. They wanted to find out how many developed any form of autism. 270 of the children had some form of autism. The study found no reduction in the risk of some forms of autism. But it did find a lower risk for the most severe form. There were not enough children with a milder form known as Asperger's syndrome to make any findings.
The cause of autism is not known, but several genes may play a part.
Folic acid has been linked to the development of a protective covering called the neural tube in a fetus. Women who do not get enough folic acid are at risk of giving birth to infants with part of their spinal cord or brain exposed. This disabling condition is called spina bifida.
Ezra Susser of Columbia University in New York City was a co-author of the new study of folic acid.
Dark leafy vegetables, asparagus, broccoli and citrus fruit are rich sources of folate. Folate is the naturally occurring form of folic acid. Folate is also found in peas, lentils, beans, eggs, yeast and liver.
Studies have shown that many pregnant women get less folate in their diet than they need to prevent neural tube defects. So folic acid supplements are commonly recommended for pregnant women.婴儿出生后，调查人员一直跟进研究至2012年3月，他们想了解到底有多少孩子患上自闭症。调查数据显示，有270名儿童患上某种形式的自闭症。研究发现某些自闭症的发病风险没有降低，但最严重的那类的发病风险确实有所下降。但现知的已患上其中艾斯伯格综合症（一种轻微自闭症）的病童数量不够，尚未能使研究定下结论。
自闭症的发病原因仍未明确，但有几种基因或许会在其中推波助澜。
叶酸与胎儿体内名为神经管的保护层的形成有关，那些没有摄取足量叶酸的孕妇，其产下的婴儿可能有部分脊柱或脑部外露。这种疾病被称为“脊柱裂”。
纽约哥伦比亚大学的埃兹拉·萨瑟教授是这份有关叶酸的最新研究的合著者。
深绿色叶类蔬菜、芦笋、西兰花和柑桔属水果都富含叶酸盐，这是自然形式的叶酸。豌豆、扁豆、蚕豆、鸡蛋、酵母和肝脏里也均含有叶酸盐。
另外，研究表明，许多孕妇饮食中含有的叶酸不足以预防神经管缺损。因此，我们强烈建议孕妇服用叶酸补充剂。
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