【美国人物志】曼哈顿计划的领导者：奥本海默和费米 (6/10)
罗伯特•奥本海默（J. Robert Oppenheimer，1904年4月22日—1967年2月18日），美国犹太人物理学家，曼哈顿计划的主要领导者之一，被誉为“原子弹之父”。恩里科•费米（意大利语：Enrico Fermi，1901年9月29日－1954年11月28日），美籍意大利裔物理学家，1938年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者。他被称为现代物理学的最后一位通才，对理论物理学和实验物理学均做出了重大贡献。他是量子力学和量子场论的创立者之一。他首创了弱相互作用（β衰变）的费米理论，负责设计建造了世界首座自持续链式裂变核反应堆。他还是曼哈顿计划的主要领导者。以他的名字命名的有费米黄金定则、费米-狄拉克统计、费米子、费米面、费米液体及费米常数等等。
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Princeton University
Atomic Energy Commission
Lyndon Johnson
Enrico Fermi Award
J. Robert Oppenheimerhttp://t1.g.hjfile.cn/listen/201211/201211190611439954344.mp3Mister Oppenheimer had directed one of America's most important secret scientific projects. Now this famous physicist was barred from secret work for the government.
He published several books during this difficult period of his life. One of the best known was "The Open Mind." The books contained his thoughts about science. He continued teaching at Princeton University. Again he taught many of the most important scientists of our century.
In time Mister Oppenheimer's work in science and teaching made people forget the accusations against him. The government decided to give him the highest award of the Atomic Energy Commission for his work on atomic energy. President Lyndon Johnson presented the honor in late 1963. It was called the Enrico Fermi Award.
J. Robert Oppenheimer died of throat cancer on February 18th, 1967. He was 62 years old.
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