缅甸改革金融业，推动经济发展(1/2)
概述：缅甸想要成为亚洲猛虎，进行一系列的经济改革必不可少。Hints:
Burma
Tiger
Sean Turnell
Burmese
Nyi Nyi
Rangoon
Hong Kong
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校对：熔雪gemini
翻译&注解：wintervest
组长：ldzh43
答疑：vincit
发音点评：momo3ma
本期材料发音模仿地址：http://bulo.hujiang.com/group/topic/708393/http://t1.g.hjfile.cn/listen/201212/201212170613278888250.mp3Burma's financial industry has suffered from years of mismanagement under military rule. But more recently, the government has pushed through economic reforms. Those measures are changing the nation's banks and re-energizing businesses. There are even hopes that Burma could become one of Asia's fast-growing economies: an Asian Tiger.
Burma had one of the best-performing economies in Southeast Asia before the military seized power in 1962. Many years of state control over the economy followed. Widespread corruption and international sanctions left it one of the poorest countries in the area.
Economist Sean Turnell says turning around the economy will require strong measures against corruption. That is why he says political change is important to economic reform. He says restrictive measures make it harder for Burmese to do business internationally.
The restrictions on foreign monetary exchange do not just hurt big business. They affect small businesses, too.
For example, Nyi Nyi owns a workshop in Rangoon. He and his family manufacture toys for buyers from as far away as Hong Kong. So his toy business is international, but Burma's banks are not.处于军管之下的缅甸金融业多年来一直饱受管理不善之苦。但是近期政府开始大力推进经济体制改革，这些改革措施正在使该国银行业重塑新颜，并让企业再展雄风。现在缅甸甚至有望成为亚洲经济增速最快的国家之一，堪称亚洲之虎。
在1962年被军队夺权之前，缅甸的经济状况在整个东南亚都是第一流的。可随后国家对经济系统持续多年的管制，以及普遍的腐败现象和国际制裁，最终让该国成为这一地区中最为贫困的国家之一。
经济学家肖恩·特奈尔称，若想扭转该国的经济颓势，首要任务就是大力惩治腐败，这也是他主张政治变革比经济改革更为重要的原因。他还表示限制性政策使得缅甸民众在进行国际贸易时会更加困难。
对于外汇兑换的限制不仅对大企业无益，对小公司也会造成影响。
比如说，倪倪在仰光有间作坊，他和他的家人在此加工玩具并远销至香港，也就是说他的玩具厂是有着进出口业务的，但是缅甸的银行却并非如此。
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