【美国人物志】五个劳工领袖 (6/9)
在二十世纪初，美国的劳动者往往工作相当长的时间才能得到很少的工资，甚至有许多是在极其危险的条件下工作的。然而，大约有五百万的工人已加入了一个称为工会的群体，渴望能改善他们的处境。下面讲述的是5个致力于改善和提高工人工作环境的工会领袖。Hints:
A. Philip Randolph
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
New York City
Pullman Companyhttp://t1.g.hjfile.cn/listen/201208/201208230917275905852.mp3A. Philip Randolph is known for combining the labor and civil rights movements. Randolph became involved with unions in 1925. A group of black workers on passenger trains asked him to organize a union, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.
Randolph was not a laborer. He was the college-educated son of a minister. He published a socialist magazine in New York City. He was known as a fighter for black rights. Randolph strongly believed that economic conditions affected rights and power for African-Americans.
For 12 years, Randolph fought the Pullman Company that employed the passenger train workers. In 1935, Pullman finally agreed to negotiate with the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. Two years later, the porters' union signed the first labor agreement between a company and a black union.
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