【美国人物志】五个劳工领袖 (1/9)
在二十世纪初，美国的劳动者往往工作相当长的时间才能得到很少的工资，甚至有许多是在极其危险的条件下工作的。然而，大约有五百万的工人已加入了一个称为工会的群体，渴望能改善他们的处境。下面讲述的是5个致力于改善和提高工人工作环境的工会领袖。Hints:
American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompershttp://t1.g.hjfile.cn/listen/201208/201208230901483723882.mp3In 1900, the largest national organization of labor unions was the American Federation of Labor. Its head was Samuel Gompers.
Gompers had moved to New York with his parents when he was 13 years old. He was 24 when he began working for the local union of cigar makers. He worked for the labor movement for 60 years.
Samuel Gompers had helped create the AFL in the late 1880s. He led the organization for all but one year until his death in 1924. Gompers defined the purpose of the labor movement in America. He also established the method used to solve labor disputes.
Gompers thought unions should work only to increase wages, improve work conditions and stop unfair treatment of workers. He called his method pure and simple unionism.
Samuel Gompers sought immediate change for workers. He used group actions such as strikes as a way to force company owners to negotiate.
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